Species and Systems of Organizing Them

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Presentation transcript:

Species and Systems of Organizing Them

Biological Species: A group of natural populations that are or could interbreed and are reproductively isolated. (producing fertile offspring) The Western meadowlark (left) and the Eastern meadowlark (right) appear to be identical, and their ranges overlap, but their distinct songs prevent interbreeding. Sisters: two ants of the species Pheidole barbata, fulfilling different roles in the same colony

Sometimes reproductive isolation is incomplete in nature. Hybrid: Product of interbreeding between two different species.

Organizes organisms by evolutionary history Phylogenetic Tree: Organizes organisms by evolutionary history

Which two organisms are most closely related? (share the most recent common ancestor) Philodota & Carnivora

Organizes organisms by ancestral and derived characters Cladogram: Organizes organisms by ancestral and derived characters

Convergent evolution can lead to similar derived characters (traits).

outgroup

Where would a dolphin go? Why? With the Tiger because it has hair and a tail.

What is the outgroup? Sharks