Products of Weathering Page 7 Products of Weathering A. Solid Sediments Name of Sediment Size Boulders 25.6 + Cobbles 6.4 – 25.6 Pebbles .2 – 6.4 Sand .006 - .2 Silt .0004 - .006 Clay Less than .0004 Colloids Less than .00001 colloids ______________ are very small solid particles of sediment that are too small to be seen.

Soil A B C D Soil Page 7 Horizons Soil is a combination of _______________ & ________________ ___________= Decayed plant and animal material found in soil. Soil development: more ___________ = mature soil A Weathered rock Organic matter B Humus C weathering D

Soil Profiles HORIZON A HORIZON B HORIZON C HORIZON D Page 7

Soil Profiles Some biological material & Clays Page 7 Some biological material & Clays Partially Unweathered bedrock Unweathered bedrock

Residual Soil vs. Transported Soil The more horizons a soil has the more _________________. Mature the soil residual Mature soil Young soil (more horizons) Page 7

Residual Soil vs. Transported Soil If the bedrock matches the fragments of the C horizon, the soil is ____________. If it does not, the soil is most likely ___________. Most New York State soil was TRANSPORTED by glaciers residual transported Page 7

Page 8 Answers to Questions C B A

SOILS CAN BE TRANSPORTED BY

Erosion Remember: Erosion involves removal and transport. Page 9 The picking up of sediments from one place and moving them to another place. Remember: Erosion involves removal and transport.

Erosion Page 9 The primary force responsible for transporting rock material on Earth’s surface is _____________________ GRAVITY

EROSION Agents of Erosion: Page 9 Distinctive Marks left behind Running Water- (major agent) Causes V- shaped valleys 2. Wind – (mainly in arid areas) Deflation and sandblasting Mushroom RockS 3. Glaciers – (mainly in polar & mountainous areas) Deposits unsorted sediments and U-shaped valleys 4. Gravity- (major FORCE) Deposits unsorted sediments Angular sediments

RUNNING WATER AS AN AGENT OF EROSION Page 9 RUNNING WATER AS AN AGENT OF EROSION Smooth and rounded V- shaped valleys

WIND AS AN AGENT OF EROSION Page 9 Page 10 WIND AS AN AGENT OF EROSION Wind can move (erode!) sediments only if they are small, and dry. Wind usually blows the clay and silt completely away, and then blows sand around for thousands of years. Because it can’t lift the sand up very high, the bottoms of rocks are eroded more than the tops. Desert landscapes often have these “mushroom rocks”.

WIND AS AN AGENT OF EROSION Page 9 Page 10 WIND AS AN AGENT OF EROSION Add pitted particles & more pictures.

GLACIERS AS AN AGENT OF EROSION Page 9 Page 10 GLACIERS AS AN AGENT OF EROSION Turns V-shaped valleys into U-shaped valleys

GLACIAL STRIATIONS Page 9 These parallel scratches in the bedrock were caused by a glacier dragging rocks across it. The scratches or striations they tell us what direction the glacier moved in. Scratched and grooved bedrock, unsorted and scratched deposits are characteristic of glaciers

Gravity causes Mass Movements Page 9 Gravity causes Mass Movements Creep Mass Wasting Slow Fast Slump Landslide Mudslide Rockslide Avalanche

Under the influence of gravity Page 9 Under the influence of gravity

Mass Movements Landslides, mudslides, slump and creep Page 9 Japanese Landslide