Figure 3 Craniospinal irradiation proton therapy for medulloblastoma

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Figure 3 Craniospinal irradiation proton therapy for medulloblastoma Figure 3 | Craniospinal irradiation proton therapy for medulloblastoma. a | Positioning of proton therapy beams with a finite distal range anterior to the spine (in skeletally immature patients, as shown) or in the middle of the spine (in skeletally mature patients) limits the radiation dose delivered to healthy tissue that is anterior to the spine, and reduces the risk of secondary malignancy. b | The radiation dose distribution of proton therapy and X-ray therapy visualized with axial CT demonstrates the difference in the integral dose delivered to normal tissues. c | A radiation-induced sarcoma (circled in red) of the sternum diagnosed in an adolescent who received X-ray craniospinal irradiation as a child. Gondi, V. et al. (2016) Proton therapy for paediatric CNS tumours — improving treatment-related outcomes Nat. Rev. Neurol. doi:10.1038/nrneurol.2016.70