Polarity.

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Presentation transcript:

Polarity

What is electronegativity?

Review: Bond Types Ionic – transfer of electrons EN difference of greater than 1.7

Review: Bond Types Covalent – sharing of electrons Nonpolar: electrons shared evenly Two of the same atoms bonded together EN difference of close to 0 (less than 0.4) Polar: electrons shared unevenly EN difference of less than 1.7 More EN element attracts electrons more

Polar vs. Nonpolar Bonds CO F2

Polar vs. Nonpolar Bonds H2O N2

Which bond is more polar? C-O or C-F ? Al-Cl or Br-Br ? S-Cl or Si-H ? H-Se or H-Te ?

Polarity of Molecules It's all about the symmetry If the molecule is symmetrical all the way around, it is nonpolar If it is asymmetrical (uneven) in any way, it is polar

SNAP Polarity of Molecules Symmetrical = Nonpolar, Asymmetrical = Polar

Symmetry

WATER IS POLAR

CH4 CH3Br CH2Br2

AlCl3

O2

H2Te

CO CO2 For each: Draw Lewis structure Are bonds polar or nonpolar? Is molecule polar or nonpolar?

Polarity of Bonds and Molecules Bond polarity: look at EN difference (END) Molecule polarity: look at symmetry A nonpolar molecule can have polar bonds A polar molecule can have nonpolar bonds, but this is rare (example: ozone)