The Correlation between Relative Frequencies of Roman Numerals in Practice AP Questions and their Answers Joshua Smith

Which of these statements are true. I. 1 + 2 = 3 II. 1 + 3 = 2 III I and II I and III

Which of these statements are true. I. 1 + 2 = 3 II. 1 + 3 = 2 III I and II I and III

Which of these statements are true. I. 1 + 2 = 3 II. 1 + 3 = 2 III I and II I and III II and III

Which of these statements are true. I. 1 + 2 = 3 II. 1 + 3 = 2 III I and II I and III II and III

Which of these statements are true. I. 1 + 2 = 3 II. 1 + 3 = 2 III I and II I and III II and III

Which of these statements are true. I. 1 + 2 = 3 II. 1 + 3 = 2 III I and II I and III II and III

Which of these statements are true. I. 1 + 2 = 3 II. 1 + 3 = 2 III I and II I and III II and III

Which of these statements are true. I. 1 + 2 = 3 II. 1 + 3 = 2 III I and II I and III II and III

Which of these statements are true. I. 1 + 2 = 3 II. 1 + 3 = 2 III I and II I and III II and III

Which of these statements are true. I. 1 + 2 = 3 II. 1 + 3 = 2 III I and II I and III II and III

Which of these statements are true. I. 1 + 2 = 3 II. 1 + 3 = 2 III I and II I and III II and III

Which of these statements are true. I. 1 + 2 = 3 II. 1 + 3 = 2 III I and II I and III II and III

Which of these statements are true. I. 1 + 2 = 3 II. 1 + 3 = 2 III II 3 I and II III 2 I II I and II I and III II and III

Which of these statements are true. I. 1 + 2 = 3 II. 1 + 3 = 2 III II 3 I and II III 2 I II I and II I and III II and III

Rationale When accurate Roman numeral statements have higher relative frequencies, test takers are required to know the validity of more statements (and more information). The goal of test makers is to assess students on as much information as possible on the given subject. By putting accurate statements in more answer choices, test makers require test takers to know more information.

Hypotheses Hypothesis The use of relative frequencies as a means of answering Roman numeral practice AP questions will result in a statistically significant difference from random choice. Null Hypothesis The use of relative frequencies as a means of answering Roman numeral practice AP questions will not result in a statistically significant difference from random choice.

Significance The rejection of the null hypothesis would result in: an advantage for test takers in answering questions. feedback for test makers on how they can improve. information on the difference between knowing the material for a test and having test taking skills.

Results 156 Questions (out of ≈ 14000) 33 Effectively Answered 123 Not Effectively Answered 116 Not The Correct Answer Choice 7 Not An Answer Choice Randomized Choice Control 156 5 =31.2≈31

Results 2-PropZTest Conditions x1: 31 n1: 156 x2: 33 n2: 156 p1: ≠ p2 α-value = .05

Conclusion p > α (.779 > .05) NO STATISTICAL SIGNIFICANCE The experiment failed to reject the null hypothesis.

THANKS Mr. Dulmage My Parents The Audience