DR. P. VINCENT HEGARTY INSTITUTE for FOOD LAWS and REGULATIONS SOUTH AFRICA: Pretoria FEBRUARY 2016 ARE WE APPLYING THE SCIENCE EFFECTIVELY? DR. P. VINCENT HEGARTY Founding Director and Professor Emeritus INSTITUTE for FOOD LAWS and REGULATIONS MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY, USA vhegarty@msu.edu www.iflr.msu.edu

QUESTIONS: HOW GOOD IS SOUTH AFRICA IN APPLYING SCIENCE TO QUESTIONS: HOW GOOD IS SOUTH AFRICA IN APPLYING SCIENCE TO FOOD SAFETY and TO FOOD LAWS? 1. INTERSECTORAL COORDINATION 2. FOOD SAFETY LAWS, REGULATIONS and POLICIES 3. EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS AND RESPONSE 4. FOODBORNE DISEASE SURVEILLANCE and EXPOSURE MONITORING 5. FOOD SAFETY IMPLEMENTATION, PRODUCT MONITORING and INSPECTION 6. RISK COMMUNICATION and INFORMATION 7. HUMAN and FINANCIAL RESOURCES

FOOD SAFETY / FOOD LAWS & REGULATIONS GOVERNMENT Create/Monitor CONSUMERS FOOD INDUSTRY Implement UNIVERSITIES Analyze/Educate

CODEX: SOUTH AFRICA ATTENDANCE (Number of attendees in brackets) CCFFP 2015 YES (5) Norway 2014 YES (4) Norway 2012 YES (6) Indonesia CCFH 2015 NO 2014 YES (1) Peru 2013 YES (3) Vietnam CCFL 2014 YES (2) Italy 2013 YES (2) Canada CCFA 2015 YES (1) China 2014 YES (1) China 2013 YES (1) China CCPR 2015 NO 2014 NO 2013 NO 2012 NO 2011 NO 2010 YES (2) China CCCF 2015 NO 2014 NO 2013 NO 2012 YES (1) Netherlands 2011 YES (2) Netherlands

CODEX: SOUTH AFRICA ATTENDANCE (Continued) CCNFSDU 2015 YES (3) Germany 2014 YES (3) Indonesia 2013 YES (1) Germany 2012 YES (3) Germany 2011 YES (3) Germany 2010 YES (4) Chile CCRVDF 2015 YES (1) Costa Rica 2013 YES (3) USA CCFFV 2015 NO 2014 YES (1) Thailand 2012 YES (2) Mexico CCFICS 2015 YES (4) Australia 2013 YES (1) Thailand CCPFV 2014 YES (1) USA 2012 NO CCMAS 2015 NO 2014 NO 2013 NO

SOUTH AFRICAN FOOD: US FDA IMPORT REFUSALS (2015) www. accessdata. fda SOUTH AFRICAN FOOD: US FDA IMPORT REFUSALS (2015) www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/importrefusals Medical Foods Misbranding Raisins Filthy Dates Filthy Vegetables Adulteration Candy List of ingredients Dietary Food Misbranding Mushroom Soup Unsafe color Dried Fruit Filthy Soft Drinks Unsafe color

EU: RAPID ALERT SYSTEM for FOOD and FEED (RASFF) (2014) http://ec NOTIFICATIONS: 2014 2013 2012 SOUTH AFRICA 11 7 11 KENYA 20 24 3 NAMIBIA 6 7 6 MOZAMBIQUE 1 14 8 MADAGASCAR 2 3 4

IS OUR FOOD SAFE?

A 7-POINT INTERACTIVE ASSESSMENT OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN SITUATION SCIENCE, REGULATIONS and FOOD SAFETY: A 7-POINT INTERACTIVE ASSESSMENT OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN SITUATION The 7-points are based on: WHO/FAO Food Safety Needs Assessment Tool (2013)

1. INTERSECTORAL COORDINATION IN FOOD SAFETY IS / ARE THERE: ONE MINISTRY or MULTIPLE MINISTRIES? A NATIONAL FOOD SAFETY AGENCY / AUTHORITY? MINISTRIES OF HEALTH, AGRICULTURE, COMMERCE: ROLES / COORDINATION? STAKEHOLDERS ALONG THE FOOD CHAIN: INVOLVEMENT / COMMUNICATION? GOOD INTERNATIONAL INVOLVEMENT: CODEX ALIMENTARIUS, INFOSAN, etc.?

2. FOOD SAFETY LAWS, REGULATIONS and POLICIES IS / ARE THERE: A NATIONAL FOOD LAW; UP-TO-DATE and UP TO INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS? CAPABILITIES TO MAKE DECISIONS and TAKE ACTION BASED ON SCIENTIFIC PRINCIPLES and EVIDENCE? AN INTEGRATED NATIONAL FOOD SAFETY POLICY for ENTIRE FOOD CHAIN? IS RELEVANT AND TIMELY INFORMATION ABOUT FOOD HAZARDS, RISKS AND CONSUMER PROTECTION ACTIVIES SHARED BETWEEN MINISTRIES AND STAKEHOLDERS?

3. EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS and RESPONSE IS /ARE THERE: COORDINATED NATIONAL RESPONSE TO FOOD SAFETY EMERGENCIES, INCLUDING FOOD TRACING and RECALL? A HIGH PRIORITY IN THE MINISTRY OF HEALTH FOR FOOD SAFETY EMERGENCIES? COORDINATION BETWEEN MINISTRIES AND NATIONAL FOOD SAFETY AGENCY? A COMMAND AND CONTROL STRUCTURE FOR FOOD SAFETY EMERGENCIES? INFORMATION / GUIDELINES TO STAKEHOLDERS ON EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS? APPLICATION OF IHR PRINCIPLES

4. FOODBORNE DISEASE SURVEILLANCE and EXPOSURE MONITORING IS / ARE THERE: GOOD REPORTING/COORDINATION BETWEEN VARIOUS MINISTRIES GOOD SURVEILLANCE FOR POTENTIAL FOODBORNE DISEASE IN HUMANS? GOOD SUPPORTING LABORATORY CAPACITY, EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDIES and OUTBREAK INVESTIGATIONS. GOOD SKILLS IN EPIDEMIOLOGY / BIOSTATISTICS? GOOD MONITORING OF MICROBIAL HAZARDS AND CHEMICAL POISONS GOOD NATIONAL TOTAL DIET/FOOD INTAKE DATA GOOD EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT TO DETERMINE RISK OF CHEMICALS IN FOODS

5. FOOD SAFETY IMPLEMENTATION, PRODUCT MONITORING and INSPECTION IS / ARE THERE: GOOD PROGRAMS TO REDUCE OR ELIMINATE PRIORITY HAZARDS IN FOOD? GOOD FOOD MONITORING TO ENSURE STANDARDS AND PRACTICES ARE MET? GOOD INSPECTION TO ENSURE GOOD MANUFACTURING PRACTICES (GMP)? GOOD USE OF LABORATORY DATA TO PRIORITIZE FOOD SAFETY PROBLEMS? GOOD SUBTYPING OF ISOLATES OF FOODBORNE PATHOGENS? GOOD NATIONAL RISK COMMUNICATION STRATEGY FOR FOOD SAFETY?

6. RISK COMMUNICATION and INFORMATION IS / ARE THERE: GOOD NATIONAL RISK COMMUNICATION STRATEGY? GOOD APPROPRIATE AND TIMELY INFORMATION GIVEN TO ALL STAKEHOLDERS? ARE ENFORCEMENT MEASURES MADE AVAILABLE PUBLICALLY? CAN STAKEHOLDERS APPROACH FOOD SAFETY AUTHORITIES FOR FURTHER DETAILS AND INFORMATION? GOOD INFORMATION TO STAKEHOLDERS ON ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF VARIOUS MINISTRIES / AGENCIES?

7. HUMAN and FINANCIAL RESOURCES IS /ARE THERE? ADEQUATELY TRAINED PERSONNEL FOR EXISTING/POTENTIAL FOOD SAFETY ISSUES? EFFICIENT and EFFECTIVE USE OF EXISTING PERSONNEL? GOOD FOOD SAFETY DEGREE / RESEARCH PROGRAMS AT NATIONAL UNIVERSITIES? GOOD QUALITY FOOD SAFETY UP-DATING and TRAINING PROGRAMS? GOOD ADVOCACY FOR ADEQUATE NATIONAL FUNDING FOR FOOD SAFETY? CONSISTANCY and SUSTAINABILITY OF ETHICAL DONOR SUPPORT?

IFLR Institute for Food Laws & Regulations 2003 Winner ADEC National Excellence in Distance Education Award IFLR Institute for Food Laws & Regulations CANR College of Agriculture & Natural Resources MSU Michigan State University

THANKS GO RAIBH MAITH AGAIBH (Irish) TO: YOU IUFoST SAAFoST