The Federal Court System

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The Federal Court System

District Courts Each state has 1-4 federal districts, depending on population Courts of original jurisdiction in federal cases 94 total courts in the country Like state trial courts, one judge and a jury

Court of Appeals Hears appeals from U.S. District courts 13 Circuits divided among the country Only rule on law, not fact Appeals heard by a panel of judges, not a jury Judges can affirm the district court decision, reverse the decision, or send it back for a retrial http://www.uscourts.gov/uscourts/images/CircuitMap.pdf

Special Courts U.S. Court of Claims U.S. Court of Customs and Patent Appeals U.S. Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces U.S. Territorial Courts U.S. Tax Court U.S. Court of Veteran Appeals

Federal Court Judges Like SCOTUS justices, federal judges are appointed, not elected Must be confirmed by the Senate To keep them politically neutral, they given the job for life. Only removed through impeachment Extensive legal background, usually lawyers or law professors Nominations are often politically motivated by the party in the White House (means to continue legacy and ideology)

Federal Court Judges (cont.) President usually nominates judges picked by senators in the state in which they will serve Often, the Justice Department (Attorney General) helps select potential judges

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