ACIDS, BASES, AND pH pp. 39-44

NEED TO MEMORIZE THE FOLLOWING ELEMENTS AND COMPOUNDS FOR YOUR QUIZ AND TEST! H: hydrogen O: oxygen N: nitrogen C: carbon Na: sodium Cl: chlorine K: potassium S: sulfur COMPOUNDS H2O: water NaCl: sodium chloride/salt H2SO4: sulfuric acid HCl: hydrochloric acid NaOH: sodium hydroxide CO2: carbon dioxide O2: oxygen gas

Acids and Bases H2O = water H+ = hydrogen ion H2O + H+  H3O + OH- = hydroxide ion

What is an acid? solution that has an excess of H+ ions. It comes from the Latin word acidus that means "sharp" or "sour". The more H + ions, the more acidic the solution.

Properties of an Acid Tastes Sour Corrosive which means they break down certain substances. Many acids can corrode fabric, skin,and paper

Uses of Acids Acetic Acid = Vinegar Citric Acid = lemons, limes, & oranges. It is in many sour candies such as lemonhead & sour patch. Ascorbic acid = Vitamin C which your body needs to function. Fertilizers, steel, paints, and plastics. Car batteries

What is a base? solution that has an excess of OH- ions. Another word for base is alkali.

Properties of a Base Feel Slippery Taste Bitter Corrosive

Uses of Bases Cleaning products The OH- ions interact strongly with certain substances, such as dirt and grease. Chalk and oven cleaner are examples of familiar products that contain bases.

pH measures acidity (from 0-14) and how much OH-/H+ is present. The closer to 0, the more the H+ 0 -6 = acid 7 = neutral 7-14 = base Can use indicators to tell the pH (phenol red, pH paper, litmus, red cabbage)

pH Scale A change of 1 pH unit represents a tenfold change in the acidity of the solution. For example, if one solution has a pH of 1 and a second solution has a pH of 2, the first solution is not twice as acidic as the second—it is ten times more acidic.