Causes of the English Civil War.

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Presentation transcript:

Causes of the English Civil War

Growing Powers of Parliament Purpose of the parliament was to advise the King According to Magna Carta (1215), the King cannot charge taxes without parliaments consent Parliament had 2 groups House of Lords – bishops and nobles House of Commons – wealthy landowners

Growing Powers of Parliament This SEEMS democratic… BUT… People don’t vote Parliament is only held when the King calls it Parliament is constantly fighting the King for more power

Money $$$ Charles I needs $$$, but cannot charge taxes so needs parliament Ex. If King wants to go to war, he needs to ask Parliament. They can use this to increase their power.

Money $$$ When Parliament gave conditions to the money he wanted, Charles found other “sneaky” ways to get it (forced loans, fines…) Charles, in his quest for money and power only alienated himself from his people and their government ….mo money, mo problems

Religion There are many Puritans in parliament and they do not like Charles They think he is too lenient on Catholics (after all… he married one)

Religion Charles I’s friend Archbishop Laud starts to decorate the Church of England elaborately = angry Puritans Puritans speak up, but are ex-communicated and charged fines = no freedom of speech

Behaviour of the King A few of the complaints against Charles: Expensive Wars Married a Catholic Court of the Star Chamber Henrietta Maria from France

Behaviour of the King 1628 Charles calls parliament (needs $$$), but the House of Lords and the House of Commons gang up on him and force him to sign the Petition of Right (a reminder of all the civil rights he is breaking) Charles dissolves parliament

Timeline - Road to Civil War 1628 Charles I refuses to sign Petition of Right and dissolves parliament 1629 11 years without parliament begins 1639 Charles attempts religious reform in Scotland Bishops Wars

Timeline – Road to Civil War 1640 Recalls parliament because needs money for Bishops War = ‘short parliament’. Dissolved after three weeks 1641 Parliament executes Lord Stafford for Treason Archbishop Laud arrested Grand Remonstrance = Parliament shows opposition to all Charles actions and demands the removal of his ministers

Timeline – Road to Civil War 1642 Charles enters House of Commons with 400 soldiers to arrest radical members Queen takes Crown Jewels to Europe to sell them = raising $ for war Charles flees London Civil War begins