Volume 2, Issue 11, Pages 2348-2363 (November 2018) Scalable Room-Temperature Synthesis of Multi-shelled Na3(VOPO4)2F Microsphere Cathodes  Yuruo Qi, Zizheng Tong, Junmei Zhao, Lu Ma, Tianpin Wu, Huizhou Liu, Chao Yang, Jun Lu, Yong-Sheng Hu  Joule  Volume 2, Issue 11, Pages 2348-2363 (November 2018) DOI: 10.1016/j.joule.2018.07.027 Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions

Joule 2018 2, 2348-2363DOI: (10.1016/j.joule.2018.07.027) Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions

Figure 1 Material Synthesis (A–F) Morphology evolution of NVPOF microspheres at different reaction time intervals: (A) 2 min, (B) 1.33 hr, (C) 24 hr, (D) 100 hr, (E) 144 hr, (F) TEM image of NVPOF at 144 hr. (G) Possible self-assembly formation mechanism of NVPOF microspheres with a multi-shelled hollow architecture. Joule 2018 2, 2348-2363DOI: (10.1016/j.joule.2018.07.027) Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions

Figure 2 Crystal and Electronic Structure Characterizations (A) Rietveld-refined profiles of as-synthesized NVPOF, experimental (black dots), fitted (red line), and the residual discrepancy (gray lower line). (B) Schematic diagram of the NVPOF tetragonal structure. (C) V K-edge XANES spectrum of as-synthesized NVPOF. (D) UV-vis spectra of as-synthesized NVPOF, VCl3, VOSO4, and NaVO3. Joule 2018 2, 2348-2363DOI: (10.1016/j.joule.2018.07.027) Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions

Figure 3 Na-Storage Performance (A) Galvanostatic charge and discharge curves of NVPOF electrode cycled at a current rate of C/5. (B) The rate capability of NVPOF electrode at various rates from C/10 to 15 C. (C) The cycling performance of NVPOF electrode at a current rate of 15 C. Joule 2018 2, 2348-2363DOI: (10.1016/j.joule.2018.07.027) Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions

Figure 4 Crystal and Electronic Structure Evolution (A) The lab in situ XRD patterns and corresponding charge/discharge curves for NVPOF electrode at a current rate of C/10, λ = 1.5406 Å. (B) Ex situ UV-vis spectra of the NVPOF electrode (Cvanadium = 5.85 mmol·L−1): 1, fresh electrode before charge; 2, charged at 3.85 V; 3, charged at 4.3 V; 4, discharged at 3.75 V; 5, discharged at 2.5 V. Joule 2018 2, 2348-2363DOI: (10.1016/j.joule.2018.07.027) Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions

Scheme 1 Schematic of Integration of Extraction-Separation and Materials-Preparation (NVPOF as an Example) Joule 2018 2, 2348-2363DOI: (10.1016/j.joule.2018.07.027) Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions