CELLULAR RESPIRATION = process that breaks down glucose to make ATP occurs PLANT & ANIMAL cells C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP 1 glucose 6 oxygen 6 carbon dioxide 6 water

Glucose Glycolysis Oxygen present No oxygen present Aerobic Respiration Fermentation

Makes 4 ATP; Uses 2 ATP……..NET TOTAL: 2 ATP Glycolysis – breaking down glucose into pyruvic acid occurs in cytoplasm ANAEROBIC = does not require oxygen (can still occur if O2 present) Makes 4 ATP; Uses 2 ATP……..NET TOTAL: 2 ATP

A. Aerobic Respiration = breaks down glucose to make ATP when O2 is available occurs in MITOCHONDRIA 2 major stages (after glycolysis)

1) Citric Acid Cycle (Kreb’s Cycle) – uses pyruvic acid (from glycolysis) to make ATP & CO2 occurs in MATRIX [space within mitochondria] AEROBIC = requires oxygen makes 2 ATP

2) Electron Transport Chain (ETC) – Makes H2O & ATP from O2 and H+ Occurs in CRISTAE (inner membrane) AEROBIC makes 34 ATP

38 ATP! ENERGY MADE FROM AEROBIC RESPIRATION: Glycolysis = 2 ATP Citric Acid Cycle = 2 ATP (Kreb’s Cycle) ETC = 34 ATP From 1 glucose 38 ATP!

Glucose Cytoplasm Mitochondrion Glycolysis Cytoplasm Pyruvic acid Electrons carried in NADH Krebs Cycle Electrons carried in NADH and FADH2 Electron Transport Chain Mitochondrion

B. FERMENTATION (Anaerobic Respiration) = breaks down glucose to make ATP when no O2 is available begins after glycolysis

2 major types: 1) Lactic acid fermentation –glucose breaks down to make lactic acid & CO2 makes 2 ATP (including glycolysis)

occurs in bacteria [yogurt, cheese, etc.] occurs in human muscle cells [under heavy exercise, not enough O2 – lactic acid builds up in muscles & makes you sore]

2) Ethyl alcohol fermentation –glucose breaks down to make ethyl alcohol & CO2 makes 2 ATP (including glycolysis) occurs in yeast [bread rises because CO2 bubbles formed in dough]