A randomized clinical trial to evaluate the effect of granulocyte-macrophage colony- stimulating factor (GM-CSF) in embryo culture medium for in vitro.

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A randomized clinical trial to evaluate the effect of granulocyte-macrophage colony- stimulating factor (GM-CSF) in embryo culture medium for in vitro fertilization Søren Ziebe, M.Sc., D.Sc., Anne Loft, M.D., Betina B. Povlsen, M.Sc., Karin Erb, M.Sc., Inge Agerholm, Ph.D., Michael Aasted, M.D., Anette Gabrielsen, M.Sc., Christina Hnida, Ph.D., Dorit P. Zobel, Ph.D., Bibi Munding, M.Sc., Susanne H. Bendz, Ph.D., Sarah A. Robertson, Ph.D. Fertility and Sterility Volume 99, Issue 6, Pages 1600-1609.e2 (May 2013) DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2012.12.043 Copyright © 2013 American Society for Reproductive Medicine Terms and Conditions

Figure 1 Flow chart of participant enrollment. HSA = human serum albumin; ITT = intention to treat; PP = per protocol. Fertility and Sterility 2013 99, 1600-1609.e2DOI: (10.1016/j.fertnstert.2012.12.043) Copyright © 2013 American Society for Reproductive Medicine Terms and Conditions

Figure 2 Number of hCG-positive women, number of ongoing clinically pregnant women (weeks 7 and 12), and live birth rate in percentage of women with embryo transfer in the GM-CSF group (darker bars) and the control group (lighter bars) for the full study cohort (left) and the subgroup of women with previous miscarriage (right). Analyses were performed with the use of a logistic regression model with treatment and center as main factors, and covariates including age, body mass index, smoking, indication for treatment, in vitro fertilization (IVF) versus intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), previous number of IVF/ICSI treatments, previous pregnancies, previous miscarriages, number of oocytes, number of transferrable embryos in the current treatment cycle, and the HSA regime (low/high). Fertility and Sterility 2013 99, 1600-1609.e2DOI: (10.1016/j.fertnstert.2012.12.043) Copyright © 2013 American Society for Reproductive Medicine Terms and Conditions