Islamic Worlds of the 15th Century AP World History Notes Chapter 13

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Presentation transcript:

Islamic Worlds of the 15th Century AP World History Notes Chapter 13

Persian Empire (Safavid Persia) East of Ottoman Empire Modern-day Iran Lasted from 1501 to 1722

General Characteristics Ismail = Turkic founder of Safavid Dynasty Defining characteristic = followed Shia version of Islam Introduced sharp divide between Sunni and Shi’ite Muslims to the heartland of Islam

Decline Incompetent Safavid rulers weakened the empire Poor leadership and misuse of money Territory was lost & empire divided up when Afghans seized Persia in 1722

Mughal Empire Located in India Kingdom center = Delhi Established by Muslim Turks

General Characteristics Both Hindu and Islamic civilizations Muslim rulers Hindu subjects

Accomplishments under Babur Orderly government Expanded the arts

Accomplishments under Akbar the Great Brought peace and order to India Encouraged religious tolerance with both Hindus and Muslims Created a new religion called “Divine Faith” = combined Hinduism, Islam, and Christianity Repealed taxes on Hindus

Mughal Civilization Arts = music, literature, painting Lavish courts Large libraries Built the Taj Mahal Increased trade Muslim architects introduced the dome and the arch Brought porcelain, paper, and gunpowder from China to India

The Taj Mahal

The Taj Mahal Built by Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan Mausoleum for his 3rd wife She died giving birth to their 14th child

Mughal Decline Rulers eventually abandoned religious tolerance and the Hindu minority was persecuted, which weakened the empire Empire officially ended when Great Britain took over India Sepoy Mutiny in 1857 = Mughal’s last stand

Ottoman Empire Founded by Turks Started in Anatolia Controlled Balkan Peninsula and parts of eastern Europe Acquired much of the Middle East, North Africa, and region between the Black and Caspian Seas

General Characteristics Maintained strong navy in Mediterranean region to protect trade routes they controlled there Conquered much of the Byzantine’s territory -- captured capital of Constantinople in 1453 & renamed it Istanbul Remained a significant sea power until the 1700s

Accomplishments under Suleiman I Organized Ottoman law Strengthened military Converted young Christian boys to Islam & drafted them into the military = called Devshirme Janissaries = elite infantry force

Accomplishments under Suleiman I Islamic religious leader = caliph Political ruler = called a sultan “Right-hand man” to the sultan = grand vizier

Ottoman Law Ottomans (Muslims) ruled diverse people: Arabs, Greeks, Slavs, Armenians, Jews, etc. Millets = separate communities of non-Muslims --> each millet controlled its own affairs Population divided into different classes 1st class = ruling class made up of sultan, his family & high government officials 2nd class = nobility 3rd class (largest) = peasants

Ottoman Islamic Civilization Borrowed many elements from the Byzantine, Persian, and Arab cultures Bridges, mosques, and aqueducts reflect this blend of culture Turned Christian church of Hagia Sophia into a mosque

Decline of the Ottomans By 1600, empire had reached its peak and started to decline Faced constant attacks from enemies on its borders Finally collapsed after its loss in WWI (it fought with the Central Powers)