ESSAYS–NOTHING CLINICAL

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Presentation transcript:

ESSAYS–NOTHING CLINICAL AND NOTHING RELATING TO PATHOLOGY NO DEFICIENCIES OR TOXICITIES

Lecture 9b – 19 March 2019 Non gi tract catabolism of proteins Norepinephrine – stress hormone and neurotransmitter

beta-carotene-fat soluble Minerals in metabolism and regulation of metabolism

Outline of lectures 9a,b Minerals     Definition of minerals     Inorganic elements     Body's handling of minerals     Variable Bioavailability     Nutrient Interactions     Varied roles     Class exercise

Outline of lectures 9a,b Major minerals         Definition of major minerals     Inorganic elements     Body's handling of minerals     Variable Bioavailability     Nutrient Interactions     Varied roles     Found in what foods     Roles in metabolism including regulation of metabolism     Class exercise

Outline of lectures 9a,b Minor minerals         Definition of minor minerals     Inorganic elements     Body's handling of minerals     Variable Bioavailability     Nutrient Interactions     Varied roles     Found in what foods     Roles in metabolism including regulation of metabolism     Class exercise

More detailed comments    

Minor minerals     Definition of minor minerals             -present in body in amounts less than 5 grams                                                    

Minor minerals Inorganic elements Iron Fluoride Chromium Zinc Iodine                        Zinc                       Iodine         Selenium                      Copper         Manganese        Fluoride                       Chromium   Molybdenum                                                    

Minor minerals Body's handling of minerals                             -iron uses carriers for absorption, transport and proteins for storage- no free iron- oxidation issue             -example of minor mineral requiring no carriers or storage proteins iodine         Variable Bioavailability           -phytates reduce iron absorption                                                    

Nutrient Interactions Minor minerals Nutrient Interactions         -slight manganese overload may exacerbate iron deficiency         -combined iodine and selenium deficiency reduces thyroid hormone function more than just iodine deficiency alone Varied roles         -iron-oxygen carrying         -zinc- part of enzymes                                                    

Minor minerals Iron                 -sources-red meats, fish, poultry, shellfish, eggs, legumes, dried fruits                 -metabolism- oxygen carrier                                     -part of electron carriers in electron transport chain                                                    

Minor minerals Zinc      -sources-protein containing foods:meats fish, poultry, whole grains, vegetables      -metabolism- part of many enzymes                           -synthesis of DNA/RNA                           -heme synthesis                           -fatty acid metabolism                           -release hepatic stores of vitamin A                           -carbohydrate metabolism                           -synthesis of proteins                           -dispose of damaging free radicals                                     -oxygen carrying                                                    

Minor minerals Iodine      -sources-iodised salt, seafood, bread,dairy products, plants grown on iodine rich soil and animals that eat such plants      -metabolism- thyroid hormones-metabolic rate(rate of oxygen use), body temperature                                                    

Minor minerals Selenium   Selenium         -sources-seafood, meat, whole grains, and depending on soil selenium content- vegetables         -metabolism- anti-oxidation (via enzyme)                              - regulates thyroid hormone

Minor minerals Copper         -sources-seafood, nuts, whole grains, seeds, legumes         -metabolism- part of many enzymes all of which have common feature of consuming oxygen or oxygen radicals                                             -eg -hemoglobin synthesis                                                   -collagen synthesis                                                   -free radical control                                                   -electron transport chain

Minor minerals Manganese -sources-nuts, whole grains, leafy vegetables                 -metabolism- essential for iron absorption and use in formation of hemoglobin                                     -part of several enzymes

Minor minerals Fluoride        -sources-fluoridated drinking water, tea, seafood        -metabolism- formation of bones and teeth, resistance to tooth decay

Minor minerals Chromium                -sources-meat, unrefined foods, fats, vegetable oils                 -metabolism- enhancing insulin activity

Minor minerals Molybdenum -sources-legumes, cereals, organ meats                 -metabolism- co-factor for several enzymes

Found in what foods Roles in metabolism including regulation of metabolism             -degree of presence regulates function

Class exercise What is the relation between source and metabolism for the minor minerals? Give 5 examples.