Match the drainage basin terms to the correct definitions! transpiration Water vapour is released through the stomata (pores) in the leaves Water is stored on leaves and branches of vegetation interception Water flows horizontally through the rock into the river Water is stored on leaves and branches of vegetation throughflow Water turns from water droplets into water vapour Water flows horizontally through the soil into the river Water flows vertically through the soil and rocks Water seeps into the ground percolation Water flows horizontally through the soil into the river Water seeps into the ground infiltration Water flows horizontally through the rock into the river groundwater flow Water vapour is released through the stomata (pores) in the leaves evaporation Water flows horizontally over the land into the river Water turns from water droplets into water vapour surface runoff Water flows horizontally over the land into the river Water flows vertically through the soil and rocks

Drainage basin hydrological cycle Objective Knowledge of the inputs, outputs and through flows within a drainage basin

Drainage basin Area of land drained by a river and its tributaries Boundary marked by a ridge of high ground – watershed Open system as it forms part of hydrological cycle (hierarchy form last lesson) 3 characteristics – input, stores, output

Add the following labels Watershed River Tributaries Confluence Evaporation - output Precipitation – input River discharge - output Drainage Basin

The river basin system INPUTS STORES OUTPUTS Precipitation Lakes, puddles. OUTPUTS Stream. river

complete this diagram – storage, inputs, transfers, outputs The Drainage Basin precipitation interception Vegetation storage evapotranspiration Throughfall Stemflow Surface Storage infiltration surface runoff Soil water storage Channel storage throughflow percolation River runoff water table groundwater flow Ground water storage complete this diagram – storage, inputs, transfers, outputs

Use a sheet of rough paper and try to turn this into a flow chart Use a sheet of rough paper and try to turn this into a flow chart! (keeping separate colours for inputs, outputs, stores, transfers)! When you think you’ve got it right check with page 58 in Integrated approach then copy into your notes.

Inputs Energy – sun Precipitation – varies spatially (place) and temporally (over time) Directly into streams & river Onto land – groundwater flow / infiltration etc following a variety of routes to the river Lands on vegetation – interception – may be evaporated off, stemflow, drip or throughfall

Outputs River channel into lake, sea etc Evapotranspiration Evaporation - loss of moisture due to heat and air movements Transpiration – loss of water rom plants through leaf stomata (biological process) Remember amount of evapotranspiration is often determined by availability of water especially in the soil so deserts will be very different from Britain!

Stores On the surface in streams, puddles, rivers etc In the soil (soilwater storage) Deep below ground (below water table) as groundwater storage On vegetation (vegetation storage) Interception (10-29% of precip.)– water falling on vegetation shelters the area below. Greatest at start of rain event and in woodland areas. If rainfall is light or of short duration much intercepted water will be quickly evaporated. If rainfall is heavier or longer water reaches the ground via throughfall & stemflow. Affected by type of vegetation.

transfers Throughfall and stemflow – falling after interception Infiltration – soil absorbs water from the surface. Maximum rate is the infiltration capacity (depends on porosity, amount of water already in the soil, the nature of the soil surface, amount of vegetation cover etc) Surface runoff – usually in human environments but anywhere in times of very heavy rain and saturated soils

Throughflow – water flowing laterally through the soil Percolation – water reaches the underlying rock layers that are more compact so downward progress is slowed creating groundwater storage. Water eventually collects above impermeable rock or fills all pore spaces to produce a zone of saturation (top of this is the water table) Groundwater flow – water moves laterally from groundwater storage towards river

Tasks. Look at the circular diagram – ensure you can follow it! Glue in both sheets and answer the exam question Answer questions 2 and 3 on the sheet Glue in basin hydrological cycle diagram