National, regional, and state-level all-cause and cause-specific under-5 mortality in India in 2000–15: a systematic analysis with implications for the Sustainable Development Goals  Li Liu, PhD, Yue Chu, MSPH, Shefali Oza, PhD, Dan Hogan, PhD, Jamie Perin, PhD, Diego G Bassani, PhD, Prof Usha Ram, PhD, Shaza A Fadel, PhD, Arvind Pandey, PhD, Neeraj Dhingra, MD, Damodar Sahu, PhD, Pradeep Kumar, PGDHM, Richard Cibulskis, PhD, Brian Wahl, PhD, Anita Shet, MD, Colin Mathers, PhD, Prof Joy Lawn, PhD, Prof Prabhat Jha, DPhil, Rakesh Kumar, MD, Prof Robert E Black, MD, Prof Simon Cousens, MA  The Lancet Global Health  Volume 7, Issue 6, Pages e721-e734 (June 2019) DOI: 10.1016/S2214-109X(19)30080-4 Copyright © 2019 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY 4.0 license Terms and Conditions

Figure 1 Under-5 mortality by state in 2015 AN=Andaman and Nicobar. AP=Andhra Pradesh. AR=Arunachal Pradesh. AS=Assam. BR=Bihar. CG=Chhattisgarh. CH=Chandigarh. DD=Daman and Diu. DL=National Capital Territory of Delhi. DN=Dadra and Nagar Haveli. GO=Goa. GJ=Gujarat. HR=Haryana. HP=Himachal Pradesh. JK=Jammu and Kashmir. JH=Jharkhand. KA=Karnataka. KL=Kerala. LK=Lakshadweep. MG=Meghalaya. MH=Maharashtra. MN=Manipur. MP=Madhya Pradesh. MZ=Mizoram. NG=Nagaland. OD=Odisha. PB=Punjab. PD=Puducherry. RJ=Rajasthan. SK=Sikkim. TL=Telangana. TN=Tamil Nadu. TP=Tripura. UK=Uttarakhand. UP=Uttar Pradesh. WB=West Bengal. *TL is reported together with AP. The Lancet Global Health 2019 7, e721-e734DOI: (10.1016/S2214-109X(19)30080-4) Copyright © 2019 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY 4.0 license Terms and Conditions

Figure 2 Distribution of causes of under-5 deaths in 2015 Causes are separated by age group (<1 month and 1–59 months). The Lancet Global Health 2019 7, e721-e734DOI: (10.1016/S2214-109X(19)30080-4) Copyright © 2019 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY 4.0 license Terms and Conditions

Figure 3 Distribution of causes of death by under-5 mortality rate stratum in 2015 35 states were grouped into five mortality strata on the basis of under-5 mortality rate in 2015: very low (≤25 deaths per 1000 livebirths; 12 states, 0·082 million under-5 deaths); low (>25–45 deaths per 1000 livebirths; 12 states, 0·250 million deaths); medium (>45–55 deaths per 1000 livebirths; six states, 0·314 million under-5 deaths); high (>55–65 deaths per 1000 livebirths; three states, 0·380 million under-5 deaths); and very high (>65 deaths per 1000 livebirths; two states, 0·175 million under-5 deaths). See appendix (p 15) for groupings. The Lancet Global Health 2019 7, e721-e734DOI: (10.1016/S2214-109X(19)30080-4) Copyright © 2019 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY 4.0 license Terms and Conditions

Figure 4 Relative acceleration required by each state to meet Sustainable Development Goal targets on under-5 and neonatal mortality by 2030 Data are the required annual rate of reduction (in 2015–30) divided by the annual rate of reduction achieved in 2000–15. States with a required relative increase of less than 1·0 are on track to meet the target by 2030. States with missing values have already met the target. States are ordered by number of under-5 deaths in 2015, with the highest at the top and lowest at the bottom. *Arunachal Pradesh, Manipur, Mizoram, Nagaland, Sikkim, and Tripura. †Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Chandigarh, Dadra and Nagar Haveli, Daman and Diu, Lakshadweep, and Puducherry. The Lancet Global Health 2019 7, e721-e734DOI: (10.1016/S2214-109X(19)30080-4) Copyright © 2019 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY 4.0 license Terms and Conditions