Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration Chapter 8 and 9

Topics Big questions : We will discuss: -How do plants get their food? -How do you make energy? -How do plants get their food? We will discuss: ATP Cellular Respiration Photosynthesis

ATP Energy currency of the cell Adenosine Triphosphate = Adenine and three phosphates

ATP ATP holds energy between the phosphate bonds How do you get the energy out of ATP?

ATP When we take the phosphate off the molecules becomes ADP – Adenosine diphosphate ‘Di’ means 2! How do we make ATP?

Cellular Respiration -Occurs in ALL living things, ALL the time

Cellular Respiration Cellular respiration is the process that cells use to make ATP, or energy So what do we need to make energy? Food – glucose (C6H12O6) Oxygen – We ALWAYS need oxygen

Cellular Respiration Glucose + Oxygen = Carbon dioxide + Water + Energy

Cellular Respiration Remember: We need oxygen and food to make energy! Inhale: Oxygen (O2) Exhale: Carbon Dioxide (CO2)

Cellular Respiration There are two types of respiration: Aerobic – Requires oxygen Anaerobic – does not require oxygen Do you think you make more energy with or without oxygen?

Cellular Respiration There are three steps to cellular (aerobic) respiration- Glycolysis (2 ATP) Krebs cycle (2 ATP) Electron transport chain (32 ATP)

Energy made in Cellular respiration Cellular Respiration makes 36- 38 ATP Occurs in the mitochondria of the cell *Remember this is WITH OXYGEN

What happens when we don’t have oxygen? Cellular Respiration What happens when we don’t have oxygen? Fermentation! 2 types Makes 2 ATP

Fermentation 1. Lactic Acid – happens in animal cell, produces lactic acid (sore muscles) 2. Alcoholic Fermentation – happens in yeast cells, produces ethanol and carbon dioxide (Make beer and wine)

Video Clip http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=00jbG_cfGu Q

Photosynthesis

Photosynthesis Photosynthesis is the process that plants use to turn light energy into food What do plants need? Photosynthesis equation Light + CO2 + H2O O2 + Glucose

Photosynthesis Where is the plant do you think this occurs? Leaves Where in the leaf does this occur? Palisade mesophyll Where in the cell does this occur? Chloroplast

Chlorophyll Chlorophyll is the substance in the leaf that absorbs the light? Why is chlorophyll green? Absorbs all colors except green Reflects the color green

Unit Vocabulary Autotroph: an organism that can make their own food Ex/Tree, flower, plant Heterotroph: Organism that must get food from elsewhere. Can not make their own food Ex/ animals, people

Photosynthesis Occurs during the day when the sun is out Autotrophs use photosynthesis Then Cellular respiration is used to break down the energy made 1% of solar energy that reaches the earth is used in photosynthesis

Photosynthesis Stages Light reaction (light dependent) Requires light – light helps makes ATP In the thylakoid membrane (inside chloroplast)

Photosynthesis Stages Dark reaction (light independent/Calvin cycle) Does not require light In the stoma (inside chloroplast) ATP (from lights rxns) is used to convert CO2 to sugar

Photosynthesis and Respiration How are photosynthesis and cellular respiration connected? One’s reactants are the other’s products! Light + CO2 + H2O O2 + Glucose Glucose +O2 CO2 + H2O + ATP

Video clip Song: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=65qBlnUTO3k http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x-t0sGyjfto