Good Morning! Please grab a disorder chart on your way to your seat!

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Presentation transcript:

Good Morning! Please grab a disorder chart on your way to your seat! If you haven’t already finished them, take this time to work on the Key Terms on p. 409

PSYCHOLOGICAL DISORDERS UNIT 8: PSYCHOLOGICAL DISORDERS

What is a Psychological Disorder? Psychological Disorder – a harmful dysfunction in which behavior is judged to be unjustifiable, maladaptive, atypical, and disturbing (U.M.A.D.)

How do we label disorders? DSM-IV –Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Volume IV Five Axes: Axis I: primary mental disorder, clinical syndromes Axis II: Personality disorders Axis III: general medical condition relevant to abnormal behavior Axis IV: info on patient’s life circumstances Axis V: Global Assessment of Functioning Scale, rating of patient’s functioning

Two main types of disorders: Neurosis – a psychological disorder that is distressing but allows one to think rationally and function socially Psychosis – a psychological disorder in which a person loses contact with reality, experiencing irrational ideas an distorted perceptions

Pros and Cons of Labeling – (C) labels affect how others perceive us; may lead to stigmatization (C) self-fulfilling prophecy (P) Help professionals communicate and do research

Disorders: Generalized anxiety disorder – continuous, unexplainable anxiety https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eSM1p2vN7vg Panic disorder – Sudden episodes of intense dread (physiological response) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VmV6RlsUwO8

Specific Phobias – irrational fear of a specific object or situation Agoraphobia – fear of having a panic attack in the wrong place or fear of open spaces (usually stay home) Social phobia – fear of being scrutinized by others, avoid speaking up, eating out, going to parties Other phobias – triskaidekaphobia (number 13), uxoriphobia (one’s wife), Santa Clautrophobia (getting stuck in chimneys), panaphobia (everything), phobophobia (fear of fear), anthophobia (flowers), trichophobia (hair), numerophobia (numbers) Have any of your own?

Disorders: Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) – repetitive thoughts or actions Obsessions (repetitive thoughts) Vs. compulsions (repetitive behaviors) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FxwBJiwmDLA&list=PLMjg9d- 4GV2zBt6a6XY8ORZ7OMvHPhMzh&index=1

Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) –Recurring and intermittent episodes of anxiety following a traumatic stress event ---symptoms include: haunting memories, nightmares, social withdrawal, jumpy anxiety, depression

How do we explain anxiety?

Behavioralist Perspective: Fear is conditioned. We learn to associate certain things with anxiety- causing events from our past. Generalization – we may generalize. (bit by dog so you fear dogs; over time, you generalize and begin to fear cats too) Reinforcement – escaping feared situation makes you feel better; this is reinforcing the fear behavior Observational – we can learn fears from our parents and friends

Biological Perspective People quickly acquire fears of some things (spiders, snakes, heights) and rarely acquire fears of other things (guns, electricity) Compulsions are usually survival skills (grooming, checking locks, etc) Twin studies support biological perspective PET scans support biological perspective (higher activity in frontal lobe in OCD patients)