By Deni Djukic EDU 214 section 1007 My 11th grade U.S. history class World War I part 2 By Deni Djukic EDU 214 section 1007 My 11th grade U.S. history class

The revolution in Russia Due to the poor economic state and the severe losses of WWI, Russia was in a great state of discord. In 1917, The general public of Russia lost content with the leader of Russia, Czar Nicholas II. The revolution had two phases: The February Revolution and the Bolshevik Revolution. The February Revolution actually happened on March 8, 1917. It began with protestors wanting bread at the former Russian capital Petrograd and ended in March 15th, with the urban workers winning and the Czar’s reign/Romanov dynasty ending. Czar Nicholas II

The revolution in Russia The Bolshevik revolution began on November 6 and 7, 1917 where the Communist/Socialist Bolsheviks led by Vladimir Lenin (who came back to Russia from exile in Germany) won a nearly bloodless coup d'état against an weak provisional government set after the end of the reign of Czar Nicholas II. The Bolsheviks/Soviets set up a new totalitarian government as Lenin as the head and signed the treaty of Brest-Litovisk with the Central Powers. This angered France and Great Britain so much that in the treaty of Versailles, Russia would have to suffer great consequences. Russia then became the Union of Soviet Socialist Republic (USSR) in 1922. Vladimir Lenin

America in WWI John Green’s America in WWI video At the start of WWI, America was still in the state of isolationism, the U.S. government nor some of the people of the United States did not want to get into the bloody conflict in Europe. However, the U.S. was giving weapons and supplies to the British and the French by ship during this time. The naval trade between the U.S, Great Britain, and France led to Germany sinking the British liner Lusitania, killing which killed 1,198 passengers including 124 Americans.

America in WWI In March 1916, Germany also sunk an unarmed French ship called the Sussex. This led U.S. president Woodrow Wilson threating Germany that the U.S. will break off diplomatic relations with Germany if they keep attacking passenger ships. Germany agreed to stop doing so on May 4th, 1916; this came to known as the Sussex pledge. Germany broke this promise on January 31st, 1917 when they announced they are going to start attacking passenger ships again the next day. On January 19, 1917, British naval intelligence intercepted a telegram from the German foreign minister Arthur Zimmerman to the German ambassador in Mexico City which the content of the telegram stated that if Mexico declared war on the U.S. and if Germany won the war, Mexico will regain the land lost to them in the Mexican-American War.

America in WWI After the U.S. found out about the Zimmerman note and Germany resuming attacks on U.S. passenger ships, the U.S. finally declared war on Germany and the rest of the Central powers around April and December 1917. On the warfront, U.S. president Woodrow Wilson appointed General John J. Pershing as the head of the American Expedition Forces, Wilson ordered Pershing to make sure that the U.S. army stays distinct from the rest of the allies and not to be used as replacements of the British army. Zimmerman note Woodrow Wilson

The end of WWI Because of the powerful factor of the U.S. army, with the troops always being fresh and new, Germany surrendered on November 11th, 1918 (on the 11th month, 11th day, and on the 11th hour). The other central powers already surrendered either a week before or the past month. In an attempt to make peace in Europe after WWI, president Wilson created the fourteen points. An couple important things is in this document. The document allowed self-determination for all nations. An establishment of an league of nations. Although established in 1920, the league was weak because only an handful of nation were in and member states kept leaving. The U.S. was not in the league. U.S. congress didn’t support the points and when Wilson was campaigning for it, he suffered a stroke, being physically and mentally unable to fulfill his duties as president.

The aftermath of WWI See the difference? Europe The Middle East Before WWI After WWI Before WWI After WWI

The aftermath of WWI The Treaty of Versailles was signed in June 28, 1914. It was a harsh document given to the Germans, more harsher than other treaties given to the rest of the Central Powers. These treaties changed the maps of Europe and the Middle East. The Austro-Hungarian empire broke up into the separate nations of Austria and Hungary along with another few nation-states being created. Czechoslovakia became independent. The Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, Slovenes was created (later renamed Yugoslavia in 1929). Poland became independent from Austria-Hungary, Germany, and Russia Russia lost Finland and the Baltic countries. The Ottoman Empire broke up. Great Britain and France decided to “carve up” the Middle East and take some land for colonization. Treaty of Versailles

The aftermath of WWI In the treaty of Versailles, Germany had to take the whole blame for starting the war. France and Great Britain also decided to place their financial burdens caused by the war onto Germany and they demanded Germany to pay them reparations. This would put Germany in a lot of debt and cause feelings of bitterness to the German people. Links of resources. Russian Revolution WWI Russian Revolution America in WWI America in WWI America in WWI End of WWI Treaty of Versailles Treaty of Versailles