David Marquez Seth Hallett Lima Bean Madness David Marquez Seth Hallett

Background Information We wanted to know what environment provided the best quality of life for our lima beans Plants are essential to the planet for life Plants are vital for medicine, habitats, and even the air we breathe! Plants help earth regulate the water cycle Plants help move water from the soil to the atmosphere through transpiration

Transpiration “Transpiration is the process by which moisture is carried through plants from roots to small pores on the underside of leaves, where it changes to vapor and is released to the atmosphere. Transpiration is essentially evaporation of water from plant leaves.” (U.S. Department of the Interior, 2014) “Studies have revealed that about 10 percent of the moisture found in the atmosphere is released by plants through transpiration.” (U.S. Department of the Interior, 2014)

Main Materials Water Vinegar Distilled Water Milk

Water Structural formula is H2O Nutrient all on its own pH of 7 (neutral acidity) Chemical structure is important to life on the planet Hydrogen and Oxygen bonds allow the molecule to dissolve different substances

Vinegar Acid with pH of 2-3 Mixture of 5% acetic with water Structural formula is CH3COOH Can be used as cleaning aid Main component is acetic acid Extremely corrosive (can be hazardous)

Distilled Water Water that has been turned into vapor so that its impurities are left behind Odorless, Colorless, Tasteless Perfectly natural water Free of all inorganic minerals (including salt!) Dissolves cell wastes so toxins can be removed

Process of Distillation http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OTfqA56fZo8

Milk pH of 6.5-6.7 Slightly acidic Contains lactic acid (fermentation of lactose)

Other Materials Clear Plastic Cups Plastic Bags Paper Towels Lima Beans Potting Mix (Miracle Gro) Ruler Eye Dropper Container (8x12) Measuring Cup

Information About Lima Beans Named after the city of Lima in Peru Ideal for warmer climates Flourish in areas with warm summers Ready to harvest 60-90 days after planting Will germinate in 2-4 days

Inquiry 1 Question: Which liquid will allow the beans to grow the longest? Claim: The distilled water will allow the beans to grow the longest.

Inquiry 1 Procedure: Conclusion: The distilled water allowed the beans to grow the longest so our claim was supported.

Data Liquid Plant # Plant Growth (inches) Water Distilled Water 1 0”   2 3 1” 4 5 3/5” 6 Distilled Water 1 ¼” 1 ½“ 1 ¼“ 1 1/10“ 2” Vinegar Milk 1/10”

Research Concept 1: Condensation- the conversion of a substance (as water) from the vapor state to a denser liquid or solid state usually initiated by a reduction in temperature of the vapor

Research Concept 2: Distillation-the volatilization or evaporation and subsequent condensation of a liquid, as when water is boiled in a retort and the steam is condensed in a cool receiver.

The Effect of Light on Plant Growth http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FaeDcO3Pk8g

Inquiry 2 Question: What will happen to the beans when you change the type of light they are exposed to? Claim: The beans that are in artificial light will not grow as effectively as those in the natural sunlight.

Inquiry 2 Procedure:

Inquiry 2 Data:

Results Conclusion: The beans that grew in artificial light grew less than the beans in natural sunlight, so our claim was supported.

Research Concept 1: Photosynthesis- the complex process by which carbon dioxide, water, and certain inorganic salts are converted into carbohydrates by green plants, algae, and certain bacteria, using energy from the sun and chlorophyll.

Research Concept 2: Light Quality-composition of light as to wavelengths that are effective in photosynthesis and other plant growth processes. (Ben G. Bareja, 2014)

Inquiry 3 Question: What will happen to the beans when you change the type of soil they are planted in? Claim: The bean will grow less in the clay type of soil compared to the Miracle-Gro soil

Inquiry 3 Procedure:

Inquiry 3 Data: Soil Plant # Plant Growth ROUND 2 Plant Growth ROUND 3 Miracle Gro 1 2” 5”   2 2 ¼” 4 ½” 3 1 ¾” 3 ¼” Clay Soil 4 5 6 3”

Results Conclusion: The beans that grew in the clay soil did not grow as much as the beans in the Miracle Gro soil. Miracle Gro Soil Clay Soil

Research Concept 1: Oversaturation-denoting the maximum possible intensity of coverage of an area

Research Concept 2: Root Growth- “determines the ability of a plant to take up nutrients and water.” (Rachel B. Tompkins, 2014)

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Works Cited "Plant Growth and Development as the Basis of Forage Management." Plant Growth and Development. N.p., n.d. Web. 21 July 2014. "Water Distillers." Water Distillers 20 Facts about Distilled Water Comments. N.p., n.d. Web. 22 July 2014. "Weather Questions & Answers." Weather Questions. N.p., n.d. Web. 22 July 2014. Weinblat, Victoria. "Facts on the Lima Bean Plant." Homeguides. N.p., n.d. Web. 20 July 2014. "What Are the Properties of Water?" WiseGEEK. N.p., n.d. Web. 22 July 2014. "What Is Condensation?" WiseGEEK. N.p., n.d. Web. 22 July 2014. "What Is Distillation?" About.com Chemistry. N.p., n.d. Web. 22 July 2014. "What Is Distilled Water?" WiseGEEK. N.p., n.d. Web. 22 July 2014. "What Is the Difference between Distillation and Fractional Distillation?" WiseGEEK. N.p., n.d. Web. 22 July 2014. "What Is Lactic Acid? | What Is Lactose Intolerance? | Testing for Dairy Allergies | The Lactose Intolerance Test." What Is Lactic Acid? | What Is Lactose Intolerance? | Testing for Dairy Allergies | The Lactose Intolerance Test. N.p., n.d. Web. 22 July 2014. "Why Is Photosynthesis So Important?" Why Is Photosynthesis So Important? N.p., n.d. Web. 21 July 2014.