1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Organization of the Periodic Table Columns – vertical groups of elements on the Periodic Table. There are 18 columns of elements Columns of elements are called groups or families 8 main group or “A” Families (1A – 8A) 10 secondary group or “B” Families Elements in a particular group or family are related to each other by their similar (not identical) chemical and/or physical properties. Periods – horizontal groups of elements on the Periodic Table There are 7 periods on the Periodic Table Elements in the same period are not alike in physical/chemical properties The first element in a period is always an extremely reactive solid The last element in a period is a non-reactive gas Period # = the total number of energy levels (n) Every element in a period has the same number of energy levels 1A 2A 3A 4A 5A 6A 7A 8A

3 Types of elements are on the Periodic Table Metals – Of the 113 known elements, 90 are metals or metal like elements. Where do we find them? The “Zig zag”– Elements to the left of this line are metals. Physical Properties of Metals Metals have luster (shiny) Conduct heat and electricity Most are solids (few liquids) Have high melting points Most metals are ductile (can be drawn into thin wires) Most metals are malleable (can be hammered into thin sheets) Chemical Properties of Metals Metals like to lose electrons when reacting with nonmetal elements

Nonmetals – Elements located to the right of the zig zag line Physical Properties of Nonmetals Nonmetals are dull (not shiny) Poor conductors Are not ductile or malleable Can be a solid, liquid, or gas Chemical Properties of Nonmetals Elements in the 18th group are non reactive Other Nonmetals like to gain electrons from metals Metalloids – Elements located on either side of the zig zag Metalloids have properties of both metals and nonmetals All metalloids are solids They can be shiny or dull They conduct heat and electricity better than nonmetals but not as well as metals They are ductile and malleable