Solid Materials Elliott.

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Presentation transcript:

Solid Materials Elliott

Form Suits Function It is important that a material’s property suits the function that it is supposed to fulfil. Eg, it would be inappropriate to build a bridge out of glass as, although it is a hard material, it is very brittle.

Check Your Progress Give one example of a material that is: Stiff: Brittle: Plastic: Elastic and strong:

Density Density is defined as:

Check Your Progress 1. What is the volume of 100 g of Mercury of which the density is 13 600 kg m-3? 2. When is a plastic not a plastic?

Answer 1. 2.

Measuring Density – Regular Shapes

Measuring Density – Irregular Shapes Eureka Can - the volume of displaced water can be measured. Alternatively, put it in a measuring cylinder and measure the difference in volume before and after you put the object into some water.

Check Your progress An empty paint tin has a diameter of 0.150 m and a height of 0.120 m, and a mass of 0.22 kg. It is then filled with paint to a depth of 7mm from the top. Now the paint tin has a total mass of 6.50 kg. Calculate: a. The mass of the paint; b. The volume of the paint; c. The density of the paint. Give your answer to an appropriate number of significant figures.

Answers

Alloys Alloys are mixtures of elements, usually metals. These may have physical properties that are quite different from the pure metals. For example, pure iron is a rather weak metal. If it contains a certain proportion of carbon, it makes steel, which is much stronger.

Finding the Density of Each Metal in an Alloy Duralumin has been used for many years in the aviation industry. It consists of: 4.4% copper, 1.5% magnesium, 0.6% manganese, 93.5% aluminium. Let us assume that the volume is going to be 1 m3. These are the relative proportions. Use mass = density × volume:

Check Your Progress An alloy tube of volume 1.8 × 10-4 m3 consists of 60 % aluminium and 40 % magnesium by volume. Calculate: The mass of: i. Aluminium ii. Magnesium in the tube; b. The density of the alloy. Density of aluminium is 2700 kg m-3 and magnesium 1700 kg m-3.

Answer

Composite Materials Composite materials such as plywood are made up in layers of wood in which the grains cross at 90 degrees to each other. Plywood is stronger than shelves made of the equivalent thickness of normal wood. The core can be a honeycomb structure which is particularly strong.

Kevlar Flexible composites are widely available, for example Kevlar. Police officers wear body protection made from Kevlar to prevent injuries from attempts to stab them. Thicker Kevlar is used in bullet-proof jackets.