Organization of Your Body

Organization of Your Body There are four levels of organization, it is called a HIERARCHY. 1. Cells; 2. Tissues; 3. Organs; 4. Organ Systems. 2

Organization of Your Body Tissues: are groups of cells that are similar in structure and function In adult vertebrates, there are four primary tissues: -Epithelial, -Connective, -Muscle, -Nerve Tissue. All preform different bodily functions, thus are different cells. 3

Epithelial Tissue Epithelial Tissue: Separates, protects, and keeps organs in place. Covers the body surface and forms the lining of most organs. Ex: Skin (epidermis), & inside of mouth 6

Connective Tissue Connective Tissue- Provides support and structure to the body, also fills spaces. The most abundant tissue in the human body.  Ex: Blood, bones, cartilage, and fat.

Muscle Tissue Muscle Tissue -Contracts and relaxes to support movement. Three types: Skeletal, smooth, and cardiac. Ex: Cardiac muscle contracts to pump blood through the body; Skeletal muscle moves the bones when directed by brain. Smooth muscle contracts in digesting;

Nerve Tissue Nerve Tissue - responds to stimuli in the environment; - controls movement, reflexes, and receives sensory information; Ex: Brain tissue, Spinal Cord Tissue, Peripheral nerve cells.

Animal Organs Organ, a group of tissues in a living organism that have been adapted to perform a specific function. In higher animals, organs are grouped into organ systems; e.g., the esophagus, stomach, and liver are organs of the digestive system.

SUMMARY OF ANIMAL ORGAN SYSTEMS

Integumentary Major Organs: Skin Hair Nails Sense receptors Sweat Glands Functions: act as a barrier to protect the body from the outside world and regulate body temperature. Connections to other Systems: Immune system, digestive system, circulatory system, and nervous system

Skeletal Major Organs: Bones Joints Function: Provides structure; supports and protects internal organs Connections to other Systems: Muscular System, Nervous System, Circulatory System

Muscular Major Organs: Ligaments Tendons Function: Provides structure; supports and moves trunk and limbs Connection to other Systems: Skeletal System, Circulatory System, & Nervous System.

Circulatory/Cardiovascular Major Organs Heart Blood Veins Arteries Capillaries Function: Transport nutrients and wastes to and from all body tissues Connection to other Systems: ALL other body systems!

Respiratory Major Organs: lungs Pharynx Larynx Trachea Diaphragm Function: Carries air into and out of lungs, where gases (oxygen and carbon dioxide) Connection to other Systems: ALL because it supplies the body with oxygen and takes out carbon dioxide

Immune/Lympatic Major Organs: Lymph nodes Lymph vessels Thymus Spleen Tonsils Function: Provides protection against infection and disease Connection to other Systems: Circulatory System, Digestive System, Urinary/Excretory System & Nervous System.

Digestive Major Organs: Mouth tongue esophagus salivary glands stomach liver pancreas small intestine large intestines Function: Stores and digests food; absorbs nutrients; eliminates wastes Connection to other Systems: Circulatory System, Excretory System & Nervous System.

Digestive Path of Food: MOUTH ESOUAGHUS STOMACH SMALL INTESTINE LARGER INTESTINE ANUS

Urinary/Excretory Major Organs: Kidneys ureters bladder urethra skin* lungs** Function: Eliminates waste; maintains water and chemical balance * waste thru skin: sweat ** waste thru lungs: CO₂

Nervous Major Organs: Brain spinal cord nerves Brain Stem Function: Controls and coordinates body movements and senses; controls consciousness and creativity; helps monitor and maintain other body systems Connection to other Systems: ALL other body systems because it send electrical signals which control their functions.

Endocrine Major Organs: Pituitary gland Hypothalamus Thyroid gland Parathyroid Thymus Adrenals Function: Maintains homeostasis; regulates metabolism, water and mineral balance, growth and sexual development, and reproduction Connection to other Systems: ALL other body systems because it supplies the hormones that help them function.

Reproductive Major Organs: Ovaries, uterus, mammary glands (females), testes (males) Function: Produces offspring Connection to other Systems: Nervous System, Circulatory System, & Endocrine System,