CLASSIFICATION

NEED TO KNOW VOCABULARY!!! Eukaryote – an organism whose cells have a nucleus Prokaryote – an organism whose cells do not have a nucleus

Brief History of Classification

384 B.C. – 322 B.C. (~2380 YEARS AGO)

1700 LIFE Kingdom Vegetabile (Plants) Kingdom Animalia (Animals)

1806 LIFE Kingdom Kingdom Protista Plantae Kingdom Animalia (unicellular) Kingdom Plantae (Plants) Kingdom Animalia (Animals)

1938 LIFE Kingdom Monera Kingdom Plantae Kingdom Kingdom Animalia (unicellular prokaryotes) Kingdom Plantae (Plants) Kingdom Protista (unicellular eukaryotes) Kingdom Animalia (Animals)

1968 LIFE Kingdom Kingdom Animalia Monera Kingdom Kingdom Protista (prokaryotes) Kingdom Animalia Kingdom Protista Kingdom Fungi Kingdom Plantae

1977 LIFE Archaea Bacteria Kingdom Kingdom Animalia Monera Kingdom Protista Kingdom Fungi Kingdom Plantae

Current system of classification (mostly accepted) LIFE Domain Archaea Domain Eukarya Domain Bacteria Kingdom Archaea Kingdom Animalia Kingdom Bacteria Kingdom Protista Kingdom Fungi Kingdom Plantae

What is classification? Classification is putting things into orderly groups

Plants Animals

Why? Scientists classify organisms because it helps organize and make sense of living things How? Grouping organisms together by similar characteristics

How might you classify these? Freshwater Saltwater

Taxonomy Taxonomy – the science of describing, classifying, and naming living things Carl Linnaeus founded modern Taxonomy in the 1700s

Linnaeus’ system was called binomial nomenclature Binomial nomenclature – the naming system that gives each organism a two-word scientific name. Genus – a group of similar species Species – an individual species

The Genus is always capitalized and species is not, but they are both italicized. Examples: Ursus arctos is the scientific name for a grizzly bear. Homo sapien is the scientific name for humans alive today. Carassius auratus is the scientific name for a goldfish.

Using the encyclopedias at the back of the room, find the common name and scientific name of at least 3 animals. Common Name Scientific Name

Classification today Eight-level system Domain Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species Scientific name of an organism

Living Organisms

Domain: Eukarya organisms whose cells have a nucleus X

Kingdom: Animalia All animals X

Phylum: Chordata All animals have a hollow nerve cord X

Class: Mammalia The species has a backbone and nurses their young X

Order: Carnivora Have special teeth for tearing meat X

Family: Felidae They have retractable claws (All cats) X

Genus: Felis These cats cannot roar X

Species: domesticus Common House Cat X

Scientific Name: Felis domesticus Common House Cat

Dichotomous Key Identification aid that uses pairs of descriptive statements

Dichotomous Key to 10 Common    Mammals in the United States 1 a This mammal flies. It's "hand" forms a wing little brown bat b This mammal does not fly, it's "hand” does not form a wing. Go to step 2. 2 This mammal has no hair on its tail. got to step 3. This mammal has hair on its tail. Go to step 4. 3 This mammal has a short, naked tail. eastern mole This mammal has a long, naked tail. Go to step 5. 4 This mammal has a black mask across its face. raccoon This mammal does not have a black mask across its face. Go to step 6. 5 This mammal has a tail that is flat and paddle shaped. beaver This mammal has a tail that is not flat or paddle shaped. opossum 6 This mammal has a white underbelly. Go to step 7 This mammal does not have a white underbelly. Go to step 8 7 This mammal has a long, furry tail that is black on the tip. longtail weasel This mammal has a long tail that has little fur. white-footed mouse 8 This mammal is black and has white stripes on its head and back. striped skunk This mammal is not black and does not have white stripes. Go to step 9 9 This mammal has long ears and a short, cottony tail. eastern cottontail This mammal has short ears and a medium-length tail. woodchuck

Dichotomous Key to 10 Common r Dichotomous Key to 10 Common    Mammals in the United States 1 a This mammal flies. It's "hand" forms a wing little brown bat b This mammal does not fly, it's "hand” does not form a wing. Go to step 2. 2 This mammal has no hair on its tail. got to step 3. This mammal has hair on its tail. Go to step 4. 3 This mammal has a short, naked tail. eastern mole This mammal has a long, naked tail. Go to step 5. 4 This mammal has a black mask across its face. raccoon This mammal does not have a black mask across its face. Go to step 6. 5 This mammal has a tail that is flat and paddle shaped. beaver This mammal has a tail that is not flat or paddle shaped. opossum 6 This mammal has a white underbelly. Go to step 7 This mammal does not have a white underbelly. Go to step 8 7 This mammal has a long, furry tail that is black on the tip. longtail weasel This mammal has a long tail that has little fur. white-footed mouse 8 This mammal is black and has white stripes on its head and back. striped skunk This mammal is not black and does not have white stripes. Go to step 9 9 This mammal has long ears and a short, cottony tail. eastern cottontail This mammal has short ears and a medium-length tail. woodchuck

Cladogram Branched diagram showing the relationships among organisms

Is a perch or salamander more closely related to a mouse? What animal here is most likely to have a common ancestor with a chimp?

What animal on the cladogram is most closely related to the hippopotamus?

Domains Archaea Bacteria Eukarya Made entirely of Archaea (Prokaryotes) Bacteria Made up of Bacteria and Cyanobacteria (Prokaryotes) Eukarya Made up of everything else we know of (Eukaryotes)

Kingdoms Bacteria Archaea Protista Fungi Plantae Animalia

Kingdoms Poster Design a poster that has a picture to represent each of the 6 Kingdoms.