US History Mrs. Housenick 2/2/10 The New Deal

Election of 1932 Franklin Delano Roosevelt (FDR) overwhelmingly elected over Hoover While campaigning, promised he would do something about Depression Promised a “New Deal”—long-term relief

The Rise of FDR Privileged upbringing, went to Harvard Religious home, taught to be compassionate to poor, serve the public Practiced law, became a state senator and Secretary of Navy 1921—Struck with polio Paralyzed below waist Later, serves as governor of NY during 1st years of Depression Why elected? Reputation for helping poor Charisma—warmth and confidence Inspired real hope—he had overcome adversity

The Beginning of the New Deal First 100 Days—much needed legislation passed right away Bank Holiday—stop people from withdrawing money National Industrial Recovery Act—pubic works program, created jobs, guidelines for fair wages, hours and working conditions Federal Emergency Relief Act—gave money directly to poor and unemployed Agricultural Adjustment Administration—paid farmers NOT to farm so prices would increase Tennessee Valley Authority—government built dams and power plans to bring electricity to rural areas Still around today!

Why Roosevelt So Successful? Republicans and Democrats worked together Roosevelt had top advisors—”BRAIN TRUST” First female cabinet member—Francis Perkins (Secretary of Labor) Gained trust of people with fireside chats Willing to go into debt to pay for programs Keynesian Economics—only way to stimulate economy is for government to go into debt

Work Programs Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC)—hired young men, 18-24 in conservation work Got room and board, able to send money home Works Progress Administration (WPA)—created jobs throughout economy, especially in arts GAINS FOR LABOR National Labor Relations Board—gave workers right to form unions and strike

Critics of New Deal Critics who thought Roosevelt was doing too much, others thought he wasn’t doing enough Critics on right (Conservative Critics) Said Roosevelt doing too much Turning America into a communist society American Liberty League—businessmen who thought government spending too much on poor, trying to “Sovietize” US Critics on left (Liberal Critics) Roosevelt not doing enough Huey Long—Senator from Louisiana Wanted program “Share Our Wealth” where government would take from rich and give to poor

Legacies of the New Deal 1. Expanded presidential power Roosevelt argued with Supreme Court who outlawed many of his programs Roosevelt tried to pass a new law, adding judges to Supreme Court so they could support his programs (Court-packing plan) Failed, but showed FDR trying to extend his power 2. Expanded role of federal government Government moves away from laissez-faire, admit must help poor Start of welfare programs like Social Security

Legacies of the New Deal ctnd. 3. Increased role of women Eleanor Roosevelt, Francis Perkins 4. Many programs still with us today Social Security Administration Securities and Exchange Commission—regulates stock market FDIC—insures bank deposits 5. Helped us get out of Depression Did decrease unemployment, business failures WON’T REALLY GET OUT OF DEPRESSION UNTIL WWII!!!!