Eye and Vision Exams in the Outpatient Clinic Erika Beard-Irvine MD LCDR MC (FS) USN.

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Presentation transcript:

Eye and Vision Exams in the Outpatient Clinic Erika Beard-Irvine MD LCDR MC (FS) USN

Objective AAP practice parameters for red reflex and vision screening Techniques for red reflex and vision screening Disease processes Referral criteria

Terminology Myopia

Terminology Myopia Hyperopia

Terminology Myopia Hyperopia Astigmatism

Terminology Myopia Hyperopia Astigmatism Amblyopia Anisometropia

Red Reflex Examination Newborn examination All routine health supervision visits

Technique Ophthalmoscope power to 0 Lights off Simultaneously at 2-3 feet away Separately at inches away

Leukocoria

Differential of Leukocoria Retinoblastoma Congenital cataract ROP PFV Coloboma Uveitis Toxocariasis Coats disease Vitreous hemorrhage Retinal dysplasia

Absent Red Reflex

Absent Red Reflex

Asymmetric Red Reflex

Asymmetric Red Reflex

Asymmetric Red Reflex Mills, MD. The eye in childhood, Am Fam Physician Sep 1;60(3):

Eye Evaluation Ocular history Vision assessment External inspection of the eye and lids Ocular motility assessment Pupil examination Red reflex examination Attempt at opthalmoscopy (>3 yo)

Ocular History Does you child seem to see well? Does your child hold objects close to his/her face when trying to focus? Do your childs eyes seem to cross or drift? Do your childs eyes appear unusual? Do your childs eyelids droop or does 1 eyelid tend to close? Have your childs eyes ever been injured? Family history of eye disorders or early eyeglass wear.

Vision Assessment Fix and follow Visual acuity measurement (>3 yo) Photoscreening

Screening for amblyogenic factors: Strabismus Media opacities Significant refractive errors Evaluate photo of red reflex and pupillary light reflex AAP says it could be helpful but recommends more study

External Examination Tearing or discharge Corneal clouding

External Examination Tearing or discharge Corneal clouding Ptosis

External Examination Tearing or discharge Corneal clouding Ptosis Iris abnormalities

Ocular Motility Corneal reflex test Extra-ocular movements Cover-uncover test Random dot E stereo test

Corneal Light Reflex Mills, MD. The eye in childhood, Am Fam Physician Sep 1;60(3):

Ocular Motility Corneal reflex test Extra-ocular movements Cover-uncover test Random dot E stereo test

Ocular Motility Corneal reflex test Extra-ocular movements Cover-uncover test Random dot E stereo test

Random Dot E

Pseudostrabismus

Pupil Exam

Referral Criteria Leukocoria or absent red reflex Any abnormality on exam Persistent torticollis or head tilt FHx of retinoblastoma FHx corrective lenses in preschool or lazy eye Parent concern