Chapter 8: The Making of Medieval Europe I. Early Medieval History
Clovis and the Franks Franks gradually became most powerful of the Germanic peoples Clovis “King of the Franks” Outward conversion to Christianity
Mayors of the Palace Merovingian House Mayors of the palace “Do-nothing kings” Mayors of the palace The real power behind the throne Increased responsibilities
Mayors of the Palace Pepin II Charles Martel Pepin the Short Battle of Tours Pepin the Short Appealed to pope Seized the throne Conquered Lombards Donation of Pepin
The Empire of Charlemagne “Charles the Great” His Character A large man Possessed many virtues Vices
The Empire of Charlemagne His Conquests Lombards Saxons and Avars Spanish Muslims Administrative districts Counties run by counts Missi dominici
The Empire of Charlemagne His Crowning Christmas Day, 800 Pope Leo III Raised the question of whose authority was supreme: state or church?
A Revival of Learning Promoting education Aachen Alcuin Desire for a better-educated clergy Monasteries and manuscripts Carolingian miniscule
Disintegration of Charlemagne’s Empire Problems from Within Louis the Pious His three sons fought over his kingdom
Disintegration of Charlemagne’s Empire Treaty of Verdun (843) Charles the Bald: West Frankland Louis the German: East Frankland Lothair: the land in the middle Successors were weak
Disintegration of Charlemagne’s Empire Problems from Without Muslim raiders Magyars Vikings
Chapter 8: The Making of Medieval Europe II. Early Medieval Culture
The Feudal System Development of feudalism Lords Landholding nobles Fiefs Often hereditary Vassals Subinfeudation
The Feudal System Relationships and Obligations Homage Investiture Lord guaranteed protection and justice Vassal duties
The Feudal System Life of the Nobility Castle Knight Served many functions Primarily for defensive purposes Knight Eventually restricted to nobility
The Feudal System Knight Page Squire Special ceremony Chivalry Influence of the Catholic Church
The Feudal System Knight Peace of God Truce of God Tournaments
The Manor Where most people lived Center of medieval society Self-contained community Lords Skilled workers Peasants
The Manor Varied by locality and soil Varied by size Usually a central village Lord’s residence Village church
The Manor Activities Work Farming The lord’s demesne Two-field system Three-field system
The Manor Class structure Clergy Nobility Peasantry Freemen
The Manor Serfs Week work Major holidays
The Medieval Church One stable institution Meanings of “church” Local assembly of believers The universal church “Catholic” The bishop of Rome
The Medieval Church Head of the Church Five patriarchates Church at Rome grew in power and prestige Reasons Petrine Theory Gregory I Purgatory
The Medieval Church Teaching of the Church Copying of Scripture Church tradition had equal authority with Scripture Mix of truth and error Sacramental system
Seven Sacraments Baptism initiates one into the church by washing away original sin. Confirmation brings one into full fellowship with the church and confers on him the Holy Spirit.
Seven Sacraments 3. Penance, which includes contrition, confession, satisfaction, and absolution 4. Holy Eucharist (Holy Communion) Mass Transubstantiation
Seven Sacraments Matrimony Holy Orders Extreme Unction (last rites)
The Medieval Church Teaching of the Church No one can be saved without sacraments Only the Roman Catholic Church could administer the sacraments
The Medieval Church Leaders of the Church Clergy Laity Reasons for participating
The Medieval Church Leaders of the Church Secular clergy Regular clergy Benedictine Rule Medieval missionaries Patrick Boniface