Figure 3 Blood–brain barrier breakdown promotes neurodegeneration

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Presentation transcript:

Figure 3 Blood–brain barrier breakdown promotes neurodegeneration Figure 3 | Blood–brain barrier breakdown promotes neurodegeneration. Blood–brain barrier (BBB) breakdown is characterized by pericyte and endothelial degeneration with loss of tight and adherens junctions and increased bulk flow transcytosis. BBB breakdown leads to brain entry of microbial pathogens, accumulation of neurotoxic material, faulty BBB transport, red blood cell (RBC) extravasation and the release of neurotoxic Fe2+, which generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidative stress. Inflammatory and immune responses lead to the generation of autoantibodies. Dashed line: P-glycoprotein 1 has an indirect role in Aβ accumulation mediated by Aβ efflux at the luminal endothelium. Aβ, amyloid-β; LRP1, LDL receptor-related protein 1; RAGE, receptor for advanced glycosylation end products. Sweeney, M. D. et al. (2018) Blood–brain barrier breakdown in Alzheimer disease and other neurodegenerative disorders Nat. Rev. Neurol. doi:10.1038/nrneurol.2017.188