Early Humans Chapter 1 Lesson 1

Archaeology & Anthropology Archaeology - The study of past societies through analysis of what people left behind Tools, weapons, art, buildings Anthropology - The study of human life and culture. Culture includes what people wear, how they organize their society, and what they value Use artifacts and human fossils (leaf imprint or skeleton)

Dating Artifacts and Fossils Radiocarbon dating Radioactive carbon, or C-14 Microscopic and biological analyses Blood, hairs, and plant tissues left on tools and weapons

Early Development Hominid Homo habilis (Handy human) Humanlike creature that walked upright Called Australopithecus or “southern ape” Eastern and Southern Africa Homo habilis (Handy human) Used stone tools Homo erectus (upright human) First hominid to leave Africa

Homo Sapiens Sapiens “Wise, wise human” Mastered Fire “Out-of-Africa” theory Replacing populations of earlier hominids in Europe and Asia Encountered Neanderthals (later died out) 2-3 miles in a whole generation

The Paleolithic Age (2,500,000 BC – 10,000 BC) Old Stone Age People used simple tools Hunter and gatherer Hunted buffalo, horses, bison, and reindeer Gathered wild nuts, berries, fruits, wild grains, and green plants  Fish and shellfish 

Nomads - People who move from place to place to survive Small groups of 20 or 30 Needed group cooperation Both men and women were responsible for their survival Women Gathered berries, nuts, roots, and grains Taught the children which foods were edible Trapped small animals and kept the camp safe Men Travel far from camp to hunt herds of large animals

Fire/Ice Ages/Art Needed fire for colder climates Gave warmth but kept wild animals away Used fire to flush out wild pigs Cook food Ice age meant people can migrate across land bridges over water that never existed before Cave Paintings