Prepositional phrases, adjectival phrase, and adverbial phrases English III

Phrases There are five types of phrases Prepositional phrases Appositive phrases Participial phrases Gerund phrases Infinitive phrases Today we are covering Prepositional Phrases

Prepositional Phrases Prepositions tell: Location, direction, time, cause, or possession. A prepositional phrase relates the noun or pronoun that appears with it to another word in the sentence. The dog went around the box. Where did the dog go? Around the box. Ophelia left at noon. When did Ophelia leave? At noon. Object of the preposition: noun or pronoun with a preposition. You can have more than one object if conjoined with a conjunction The dog went around the box and chest Preposition: around Object of Preposition: box, chest

Prepositional Phrases: Adjectival Phrases Prepositional phrases often modify other words by functioning as adjectives or adverbs. Adjectival Phrase is a prepositional phrase that acts as an adjective. They can modify: Subjects Direct objects Indirect objects Predicate nominatives

Prepositional Phrases: Adjectival Phrases Examples: The house across the road is for sale Modifies the subject: house Let’s take a picture of the Empire State Building Modifying direct object: picture Direct object: Take what? A picture I gave the people on the trolley a tour Modifying indirect object: people Direct object: Gave what? Tour Indirect Object: Gave who? The people Italy is a country with many traditions Modifying predicate nominative: country Predicate nominative: Linking verb+renames subject (Italy).

Prepositional Phrases: Adjectival Phrases A sentence may have two or more adjectival phrases. One phrase may modify the object of the preceding phrase. Two phrases may modify the same word. Examples: We bought the tickets for the rides in the park. For the rides modifies tickets. In the park modifies rides. The photograph of the tree in the library was beautiful. Of tree and in the library modify photograph. Unless there is an actual tree in a library

Prepositional Phrases: Adverbial phrases An adverbial phrase is a prepositional phrase that acts like an adverb. It modifies: Verbs Adjectives Adverbs It points out Where Why When In what way To what extent

Prepositional Phrases: Adverbial Phrases Examples: She drove with speed Drove with what? I was scared by the loud music Scared by what?

Prepositional Phrases: Adverbial Phrases Modifying a verb: The coins rolled across the table Modifying an adjective: Joan was worried beyond belief. Modifying an adverb: He kept his comments deep in his mind.

Prepositional Phrases: Adverbial Phrases Often two adverbial phrases in different parts of a sentence can modify the same word. Example: After the game, we all gathered in the hall. An adverbial phrase may follow the word it modifies A tiny village vanished during the mudslide An adverbial phrase may be located elsewhere in the sentence During the mudslide, a tiny village vanished.