Essential Question *How are scientific graphs used to understand data? Scientific Graphs

1. Bar graph - used for comparing data between different groups or categories Type of Trash Number of pieces Cigarettes 14,000 Styrofoam 6,100 Plastic 5,220 Paper 4,963 Wood 1,091 Metal 982 Glass 511 Cloth 503 Rubber 210 Other 644

2. Pie graph - used for comparing percentages of a set of data U.S. Electricity generation by source Percentage % Coal 44.9 Natural gas 23.4 Nuclear 20.3 Hydroelectric 6.9 Petroleum 1.0 Other renewables 3.6

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3. Line Graph – shows movement of data over time, distance, or other measurements. 25 20 15 10 5 Number of Pendulum Swings Number of Pendulum Swings (RATE) • • • Length of Pendulum Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3 Average 30 cm 23 22 22.7 (23) 40 cm 21 21.3 (21) 50 cm 19 10 20 30 40 50 60 Length of Pendulum (in cm)

**shows how the dependent variable responds to the independent variable. 25 20 15 10 5 Number of Pendulum Swings Number of Pendulum Swings (RATE) • • • Length of Pendulum Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3 Average 30 cm 23 22 22.7 (23) 40 cm 21 21.3 (21) 50 cm 19 10 20 30 40 50 60 Length of Pendulum (in cm)

*Line graphs allow scientists to identify trends and make predictions Number of Pendulum Swings Number of Pendulum Swings (RATE) 20 15 10 5 Mass of Pendulum Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3 Average 14.2 g 19 18 18.7 (19) 28.7 g 42.8 g • • • 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 Mass of Pendulum (in grams)

*Line graphs allow scientists to identify trends and make predictions

**When making a graph, numerical values must be in even increments RIGHT WRONG Number of Pendulum Swings 20 12 10 8 5 4 3 2 20 15 10 5 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 1 2 4 7 15 30 40 50 60 65 70 100 Length of Pendulum (in cm)

**When making a graph, numerical values must be in even increments