The macromolecules needed for fuel. The Killer American Diet

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Presentation transcript:

The macromolecules needed for fuel. The Killer American Diet Nutrients The macromolecules needed for fuel. The Killer American Diet

Nutrients What is a nutrient? What do you need to eat to survive? Fats Proteins Carbohydrates Vitamins Minerals

Nutrients Raw materials needed for cell metabolism (metabolism - basic cell functions) 3 major groups of biological importance: Carbohydrates Proteins Lipids Most are made up of large molecules containing carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen. These are called macromolecules

1. Carbohydrates Structure Molecules containing atoms of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. Chemical formula is a fixed proportion of these atoms in ratio of: 1 : 2 : 1 Carbon hydrogen oxygen Ex. Glucose is C6H12O6

carbohydrates Function Represent the body’s most important source of energy and preferred source of long term and short term energy. Acts as cell identification as part of the cell membrane

Carbohydrates Types and Sources Rely on plants to provide them.

What do you notice?

3 types of carbohydrates

3 types of carbohydrates Disaccharides “di” means two made up of two sugar molecule ex. sucrose (table sugar) and lactose (dairy)

3 types of carbohydrates Polysaccharides “poly” means many complex carbohydrate made up of many single sugars linked together ex. Starch, cellulose, glycogen, chitin

Carbohydrates in Our Body Excess sugar (simple carbs) are stored as polysaccharides in the cell in 4 different forms Starch – used by plants to store excess energy (carbs) Glycogen – used by animals to store excess energy in the cells (especially the muscles) and the liver

Carbohydrates in Our Body Cellulose – used by plant cells to form the cell wall Also known as “fibre” and cannot be digested by humans for energy but is useful in maintaining a healthy digestive tract Is the major component of wood/paper/cotton

Chitin...not digestible Chitin – forms a hard exterior for insects, lobsters, shrimp… Is a modified form of cellulose Very difficult to digest Used in medical stitches, various industrial processes, specialized contact lenses!

Carbohydrates in Our Body When these polysaccharides stores are full, any excess carbohydrates are converted to fat as another source of long term energy Jaime Oliver Aspartame video