Gender differences in irritable bowel syndrome Lin Chang, Margaret M. Heitkemper Gastroenterology Volume 123, Issue 5, Pages 1686-1701 (November 2002) DOI: 10.1053/gast.2002.36603 Copyright © 2002 American Gastroenterological Association Terms and Conditions
Fig. 1 Schematic model of the modulating factors that can influence gender differences in clinical symptoms and physiologic responses in IBS. The modulating factors include biobehavioral stress responses, gender role, hormonal factors, and psychological symptoms. Gastroenterology 2002 123, 1686-1701DOI: (10.1053/gast.2002.36603) Copyright © 2002 American Gastroenterological Association Terms and Conditions
Fig. 2 Daily diary reports of (A) abdominal pain, (B) bloating, and (C) heartburn in 10 men (○) and 71 women (■) with IBS over a 4-week period. Symptoms were reported on a 0 (not present) to 4 (extreme) scale. Menstrual-cycle phase in women was determined using luteinizing hormone (LH) surge (ClearPlan Easy; Unipath Research, Princeton, NJ). Gastroenterology 2002 123, 1686-1701DOI: (10.1053/gast.2002.36603) Copyright © 2002 American Gastroenterological Association Terms and Conditions