Chapter 2 Classification.

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Presentation transcript:

Chapter 2 Classification

Sorting it all out Work with your partner to develop a system of classification for the items in the bag on your desk. Classification Putting things into orderly groups based on similar characteristics

Section 1 WHY CLASSIFY? Sorting It All Out Scientists classify to help make sense and order of the many kinds of living things in the world. Helps answer questions: How many known species are there? What are the defining characteristics of each species? What are the relationships between these species?

Taxonomy Science of describing, classifying, and naming living things. Carolus Linnaeus (1700’s) Science of describing, classifying, and naming living things. Linnaeus tried to classify based on shape and structure

Classification Today 8 Level System based on shared characteristics Which 2 Animals would be most closely related? Which 2 Animals would be least closely related?

Levels of Classification Domain (Largest, most general) Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species (Smallest, most specific)

Scientific Names 2 Part Names: Includes Genus and Species Ex. Asian Elephant (Elephas maximus) Human (Homo sapiens) T. rex. (Tyrannosaurus rex)

Dichotomous Keys Identification aid that uses sequential pairs of descriptive statements.

Section 2-2 Domains and Kingdoms EUGLENA – Plant or Animal? PLANT ANIMAL Green Make own food through photosynthesis Whip their tails (called flagella) Can feed on other organisms

3 Domains Archaea Bacteria Eukarya Prokaryotes (?) Live in extreme environments Ex. Hot Springs Also live in moderate Prokaryotes Soil, water, inside us Good bacteria Bad bacteria Eukaryotes 4 kingdoms: Protista Fungi Plantae Animalia

4 Kingdoms of Eukarya Single Celled or Simple Multicellular Protista Fungi Single Celled or Simple Multicellular First arose from ancient bacteria 2 bya Protozoans, algae, slime molds, euglena Complex Multicellular No photosynthesis Do not eat food Absorb nutrients Use digestive juices to break down substances Molds & mushrooms

Contd. Eukaryotic Cell walls Photosynthesis Need sunlight Plantae Animalia Eukaryotic Cell walls Photosynthesis Need sunlight Most life dependent on plants Complex multicellular No cell walls Usually able to move Specialized sense organs Depend on life in all other kingdoms Sponges & Coral(?)