Chapter 3 Section 1: States of matter Key Concepts: Amorphous Solid Liquid What are the characteristics of a solid, liquid, and gas? Fluid Surface tension Viscosity Key terms: Gas Solid Crystalline Solid

Hey man…. Sooooliddddd. A solid has a definite shape and volume. Particles of a solid will be closely packed and fixed in position. They are NOT motionless. They vibrate in place 

Cystalline solids Particles sometimes create a regular, repeating pattern. If they do this, they form a crystalline solid. Like salt, sugar, and snow. THEY MELT AT A SPECIFIC TEMPERATURE 

Amorphous solids Amorphous solids are not arranged in regular patterns. Plastics, rubber, glass. DO NOT MELT AT A SPECIFIC TEMPERATURE  Example: crystalline vs Amorphous

Liquids Liquids have definite volume but no shape of their own. Particles are free to move around (unlike solids). Liquids are also known as fluids, meaning “substance that flows”.

Liquid properties Textbook definition of “Surface tension”: the result of an inward pull among the molecules of a liquid that brings the molecules on the surface closer together.

So wait, what? Surface tension results from liquid particles pulling toward one another. They create a type of “surface”. For example, if you’ve ever bellyflopped into a pool and smacked yourself hard into water, you’ve experienced surface tension.

Surface tension

Pepper Experiment http://io9.com/5668221/an-experiment-with-soap-water- pepper-and-surface-tension

Viscosity Viscosity is a liquid’s resistance to flowing. It depends on the size and shape of the particles and the attractions between them. High viscosity flows slowly. E.g. honey Low viscosity flows quickly. E.g. water

Gases. Muchas gasias. Gas volume can change easily. A they move, gas particles spread apart, filling all the space available. Thus (heh, “thus”), a gas has neither a definite shape or volume. The particles of a gas are only restricted by the container. They have the more freedom than liquid or solid particles.

I’m so confused! What should you know from this section? Well, THE KEY TERMS  AND… In solids the atoms are closely locked in position and can only vibrate; in liquids the atoms and molecules are more loosely connected and can collide with and move past one another; and in gases the atoms and molecules are free to move independently, colliding frequently.