The Skeletal System This ppt: 20 slides Total A + B: 42 slides

Vertebrae … Vertebral Column

5. Typical Vertebrae– General Characteristic a. *Body: description, location, function b. *Vertebral Foramen as above c. Processes Spinous Transverse Regional Characteristics of the 3 Types a. Cervical Vertebrae Unique Characteristic = Transverse Foramen: Function Transverse Foramen Figure 5.17

ii) First two Cervical Vertebrae (1) Atlas (#1) *Superior Articulation with what bone and part of that bone: *For what movement? (2) Axis (#2) *Superior Articulation with what bone: Articulating part of Axis = Dens Shape Function

Regional Characteristics of Vertebrae … b. Thoracic Vertebrae Unique Characteristic– *Only Vertebrae to articulate w/ what? Lumbar Vertebrae– No Unique Characteristic Size: Function: 6. Intervertebral Discs Tissue: b. Function: Thoracic Vertebrae Figure 5.18c

7. Sacrum & Coccyx a. Sacrum *Formed by: *Articulations above: b. Coccyx– 3-5 fused fused vertebra; once the bones of a tail

E. The Thoracic Cage 1. *Bony Thorax = 2. *Function: 3. Parts a) Sternum Location Function *3 Parts b) Ribs & Rib Cartilage *# of pairs: Location of Cartilage: *Do all ribs have cartilage?

The Bony Thorax Figure 5.20a

III) The Appendicular Skeleton A. Major Regions 1. *Appendages define 2. Girdles for attachment of appendages: Pectoral girdle Pelvic girdle B. The Pectoral Girdle Function 1. *Clavicle: location & articulations Function: Anterior View Clavicle Posterior View

2. *Scapula: location & articulations Function: Glenoid Cavity: Spine: B. The Pectoral Girdle … Glenoid Cavity 2. *Scapula: location & articulations Function: Glenoid Cavity: Spine: Anterior View Scapula Posterior View

B. Bones of the Upper Limbs 1. Humerus *Head: description & location, and function Articulations *Superiorly Inferiorly Joint Flexibility & Stability

Bones of the Upper Limbs 2. Forearm bones *Ulna: location Olecranon Process: Superior Articulation Inferior Articulation *Radius: location *Head: location & articulation Inferior articulation

Bones of the Upper Limbs 3. The hand *Carpals: location & number *Metacarpals: as above *Phalanges: as above Digits

C. Pelvic Bones & Girdle 1. = 2 coxal (ossa coxae) bones & Saccrum 2. Each Coxal Bone = 3 fused bones a. Ilium Iliac Crest b. Ischium Ischial Tuberosity c. Pubis 3. *Acetabulum: description, location, function Illiac Crest Illium Ischium etabulum Pubis Ischial Tuberosity

4. Pelvis = Pelvic Girdle & Coccyx Inlet Outlet Pubic Arch 5. *Functions do all below Supports: Protects: Birth 6. Articulations 7. Gender Differences– Female Inlet (top hole) & Outlet (bottom hole) Pubic Arch: Shape of Illium MALE FEMALE

The Pelvis Figure 5.24a

D. *Bones of the Lower Limbs name upper 3 bones = & Foot bones 1. Thigh = Femur Strength *Patellar surface *Location: *Place for what bone? *Head: location & function Articulations

Bones of the Lower Limbs … 2. *Tibia *Location: Tibial Tuberosity Articulations 3. *Fibula *Location Does not articulate with the femur

Bones of the Lower Limbs …. 4. The foot *Tarsals (includes heel) location, number *Metatarsals (includes sole) as above *Phalanges as above Digits = toes

IV) Joints A. Functions B. Types– many types 1. Movable Joints = Synovial Joint Cavity Synovial fluid Articular cartilage Ligaments Shoulder Joint

2. Types of joints by movement allowed Hinge Pivot Ball and Socket

Inflammatory Conditions– STUDENTS DO *Tendonitis describe, cause, treatment *Arthritis as above *Osteoarthritis *Rheumatoid arthritis *Osteoporosis

END

The Synovial Joint Figure 5.29