Religion in the Modern World

Religion in the Modern World How might we compare/contrast the offices of the papacy and Dalai Lama? How has the papacy become increasingly de-Italianized, and more global? How does the Dalai Lama’s present situation fit in with other events we have studied related to modern Asia?

Religion General Religious Trends PLURALISM Fastest growing religions: Islam, Christianity Rise in atheism, AGNOSTICISM, apathy “Spiritual, not religious”

Roman Catholicism The Papacy Traced back to St. Peter Spiritual-temporal office Opposed to heresy, modern trends Lost temporal authority (1870)

Roman Catholicism The Lateran Treaty (Feb. 11, 1929) Between Italy and papacy Agreement Pope ruler of Vatican City Restitution for expropriations Catholicism official religion of Italy

Roman Catholicism Pope John XXIII (r. 1958-1963) Of poor family Church historian, patriarch of Venice Stressed social justice, condemned anti-Semitism Sought reform of Church Aggiornamento Aperturismo

Roman Catholicism Second Vatican Council (1962-65) Notable reforms Liturgical changes New focus on laity Ecumenism, dialogue Declaration on Jews Not everyone pleased

Roman Catholicism Tomb of John XXIII, St. Peter’s Basilica

Roman Catholicism Pope John Paul II (r. 1978-2005) First non-Italian pope in centuries Traveler! Universal vision for Church Contributed to collapse of communism Traditional

Roman Catholicism

Roman Catholicism World Youth Day, Rome (2000)

Roman Catholicism John Paul II’s funeral Mass, St. Peter’s Square (April 8, 2005)

Roman Catholicism Pope Francis (2013-) Jesuit, Latin American Themes of his papacy Humility Social justice Progressive? Environmentalism

Roman Catholicism

Roman Catholicism

Roman Catholicism

Roman Catholicism Questions?

Buddhism Buddhism Began as revolt within Hinduism Siddhartha Gautama (563-483 BC) Troubled by human misery, sought answers Meditation  enlightenment  Buddha Disciples

Buddhism Fundamental Principles of Buddhism Anyone can attain spiritual bliss Four Noble Truths Everything is pain Origins of pain: desire Extinction of desire  nirvana Follow way of Buddha  end of pain Spiritual goals Self-control Conquer self, desire  release from Wheel of Life

Buddhism

Buddhism The Two Branches of Buddhism Theravada Mahayana “Pure” form of Buddhism Monastic life! Mahayana Doctrines of Buddha: “initial step” Buddha, bodhisattvas can provide spiritual assistance Monastic life not necessary Pu-tai

Buddhism The Dalai Lama Head monk of Tibetan Buddhism Spiritual-political leader of Tibet Reincarnation of past lama 14 Dalai Lamas

Buddhism Potala Palace, Lhasa, Tibet

Buddhism Dalai Lama Tenzin Gyatso (1935-) Began to rule 1950 China occupied Tibet October 1950 Tibetan resistance  Chinese fury Dalai Lama fled 1959

Buddhism The Dalai Lama Headquarters: Dharamsala, India Seeks peaceful means to Tibetan independence Pro-democracy Acclaimed speaker, prolific author

Buddhism

Buddhism Questions?

Religion in the Modern World How might we compare/contrast the offices of the papacy and Dalai Lama? How has the papacy become increasingly de-Italianized, and more global? How does the Dalai Lama’s present situation fit in with other events we have studied related to modern Asia?