Neurons
Action Potential
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 Neurotransmitters Neurotransmitters – Chemical messengers that relay neural messages across the synapse Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007
Schizophrenia, Parkinson’s disease Neurotransmitters Normal Function: Produces sensations of pleasure and reward; used by CNS neurons in voluntary movement Dopamine Serotonin Norepinephrine Problems with Imbalance: Schizophrenia, Parkinson’s disease Acetylcholine GABA Substances that Affect: Cocaine, amphetamines, Ritalin, alcohol Glutamine Endorphins Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007
Depression, certain anxiety disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorder Neurotransmitters Normal Function: Regulates sleep and dreaming, mood, pain, aggression, appetite and sexual behavior Dopamine Serotonin Norepinephrine Problems with Imbalance: Depression, certain anxiety disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorder Acetylcholine GABA Glutamine Substances that Affect: Prozac, hallucinogenics (e.g. LSD) Endorphins Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007
The Organization of the Nervous System Peripheral nervous system Central nervous system (CNS) Autonomic nervous system Somatic nervous system Sympathetic nervous system Parasympathetic nervous system Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 The Endocrine System (the body’s chemical messenger system) Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 The Endocrine System Hormones Pituitary gland – Master gland that produces hormones influencing the secretions of all other endocrine glands; produces hormone that influences growth; attached to hypothalamus Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 Windows on the Brain Brain scans – CT scanning (computerized tomography) Structure, X-Ray PET scanning (positron emission tomography) Function, Radioactive Glucose MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) Structure, Magnetic Waves fMRI Function, Blood Flow Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 Windows on the Brain EEG (electroencephalograph) – Device for recording brain waves, typically by electrodes placed on the scalp Brain waves – Patterns of electrical activity generated by the brain Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007
Reticular Formation/ Activating System Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 End of Chapter 3 Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007