Where exactly are the electrons? It’s all a little cloudy!

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Presentation transcript:

Where exactly are the electrons? It’s all a little cloudy!

The Electron Cloud.

A closer look at the Electron Cloud

ELECTRONIC CONFIGURATION With electronic configuration elements are represented numerically by the number of electrons in their shells and number of shells. For example; Nitrogen configuration = 2 , 5 7 2 in 1st shell 5 in 2nd shell N 2 + 5 = 7 14

ELECTRONIC CONFIGURATION Write the electronic configuration for the following elements; 20 11 8 Na O Ca a) b) c) 16 23 40 2,8,8,2 2,8,1 2,6 17 14 5 Cl Si B d) e) f) 11 35 28 2,8,7 2,8,4 2,3

Energy level An energy level is a region of fixed energy, within an atom, than an electron occupies. Energy level 1 (n= 1) can hold up to 2 electrons Energy level 2 (n= 2) can hold up to 8 electrons Energy level 3 (n= 3) can hold up to 18 electrons Energy level 4 (n= 4) can hold up to 32 electrons

Orbitals (Region in space, around an atom where there is a high probability of finding an electron) S – Orbitals P - Orbitals

Sub-levels ( Group of orbital in the same energy level)

A closer look at the atom (all ideas incorporated)

The journey of ideas Electron cloud ~ Electrons in a cloud around the nucleus of the atom Energy level ~ electrons in fixed energy levels around nucleus of atom. Energy level, sublevels and orbitals ~ a more detailed explanation of the position or the electrons in an atom

Showing the location of the electrons

Energy level diagrams Sub-level orbital Main energy level

Filling energy levels, sublevels and orbitals The Aufbau Principle Hund’s Rule Pauli’s Exclusion Principle

The Aufbau Principle Electrons will occupy the lowest energy level available, before filling the next energy level. Energy level 1 will be filled before energy level 2)

Hunds Rule Electrons will occupy orbitals of equal energy level on their own before they will occupy them in pairs.

Paulis Exclusion Principle Only two electrons can fill an orbital, and these orbitals must be in opposite spin to each other.

Filling energy levels, sub levels and orbitals Name of Element = No. of electrons =