Total Standards Picture

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Presentation transcript:

Total Standards Picture Client PC and Server Must be Compatible at All Six Layers Application Application Transport Transport Internet Internet LAN Subnet (NIC) LAN Subnet (NIC)

Application (service) Upper Layers Application Layer Standard depends on the application File service Print services Electronic mail Etc. Application (service)

Upper Layers Transport and Internet Layers All new servers use TCP/IP standards Transport layer: TCP Internet layer: IP Transport (TCP) Internet (IP)

Upper Layers Novell NetWare Now uses TCP/IP Before, used NetWare’s proprietary IPX/SPX Many old NetWare servers still use IPX/SPX Application Other NCP Transport SPX Internet IPX IPX

Upper Layers Novell NetWare IPX at the internet layer NCP at transport & application File service, print service, etc. SPX sometimes at transport Application Other NCP Transport SPX Internet IPX IPX

Upper Layers All Servers on a LAN Use the Same Subnet Layer Standards, which are implemented by NICs Servers can differ in upper-layer standards App App App TCP SPX NetBEUI IP IPX 802.2 802.2 802.2 802.3 MAC 802.3 MAC 802.3 MAC 100Base-TX 100Base-TX 100Base-TX

Upper Layers Client Software is Flexible Speaks TCP/IP to Windows NT Server, UNIX, new Novell NetWare Servers Speaks IPX/SPX to older NetWare Servers Simultaneously! TCP/IP IPX/SPX