CIRCULATORY, RESPIRATORY & LYMPHATIC SYSTEMS

CIRCULATORY SYSTEM Made up of blood, the heart, blood vessels Function is to transport materials throughout the body such as nutrients and oxygen The heart is a hollow, muscular organ that contracts at regular intervals; it can be thought of as two pumps sitting side by side

Each pump is divided into two chambers The two pumps are separated by a SEPTUM The upper chambers are called ATRIA (receive blood) The lower chambers are VENTRICLES (pump blood out)

Circulation From the Body Pulmonary Circulation The right side of the heart pumps blood from the body into the lungs where oxygen-poor (deoxygenated) blood gives up carbon dioxide and picks up oxygen

Circulation To the Body Systemic Circulation The left side of the heart pumps oxygen-rich (oxygenated) blood from the lungs to the rest of the body

The Heart Video

Structure of Heart Ao = Aorta PA = Pulmonary Artery SEPTUM Ao = Aorta PA = Pulmonary Artery PV = Pulmonary Vein SVC = Superior Vena Cava IVC = Inferior Vena Cava RA = Right Atrium RV = Right Ventricle LA = Left Atrium LV = Left Ventricle

Blood Flow Through the Body Video

CIRCULATORY SYSTEM BLOOD VESSELS:                                               CIRCULATORY SYSTEM BLOOD VESSELS: 1. Arteries - carry blood away from the heart to all tissues of the body; the largest artery is the AORTA 2. Veins - collect blood and return it back to the heart 3. Capillaries – connect the arteries & veins; only one cell thick making diffusion of oxygen and nutrients easy

Arteries, Veins, & Capillaries Video

Transport System Video

FUNCTIONS OF BLOOD 1. Transports nutrients, dissolved gases, enzymes, hormones and waste products 2. Regulates body temperature, pH and electrolytes 3. Protects body from invaders 4. Restricts loss of fluid

COMPONENTS OF BLOOD 1. Plasma: liquid portion of blood that contains water, dissolved fats, salts, sugars and proteins 2. Red blood cells (erythrocytes): transport oxygen

COMPONENTS OF BLOOD 3. White blood cells (leukocytes): protect body against invasion by foreign cells or substances 4. Platelets: responsible for the clotting of blood

Interesting Facts About BLOOD Blood is made in the marrow of bones The average human has 4.5 – 6 liters of blood The heart circulates blood about 1000 /times/day Pulse varies: The average resting heart rate for an adult is between 60 and 100 beats per minute, while well-conditioned athletes can achieve between 40 and 60 beats per minute.

Blood Pressure: When the heart contracts and relaxes; it produces a wave of fluid pressure in the arteries High blood pressure causes the heart to work too hard Atherosclerosis is a condition in which fatty deposits build up on the inner walls of the arteries These conditions can lead to heart problems

Red blood cells contain Hemoglobin An iron-containing protein that binds to oxygen in the lungs and transports it to tissues where oxygen is released Fe

Chloroplasts Contain Chlorophyll A magnesium-containing protein that captures the energy from the sun and powers photosynthesis Mg

Components of the blood Video

RESPIRATORY SYSTEM Consists of the nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi and lungs Function is to bring about the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the blood, the air and the tissues

FLOW OF AIR Air enters NOSE --> pharynx OR enters MOUTH --> pharynx; after pharynx ---> larynx (top of trachea) --> trachea (windpipe) --> to left or right bronchi ---> bronchioles --> alveoli

1. nose 2. mouth 3. larynx 4. lung 5. right bronchus 6. diaphragm 7. pharynx 8. trachea 9. left bronchus 10. bronchiole 11. alveoli

BREATHING Inhalation: pulling of air into lungs Exhalation: pushing of air out of lungs Diaphragm: Located along the bottom of the rib cage; it is the large flat muscle responsible for inhalation and exhalation

Breathing Video

The alveoli is where gas exchange occurs When blood enters the lung it has a lot of carbon dioxide and a low oxygen content, but the alveoli are filled with fresh oxygen-rich inhaled air Carbon dioxide diffuses out of the blood into the alveoli and oxygen diffuses into the blood from the alveoli

Picture of Gas Exchange in the Lungs

Gas Exchange Video

Lymphatic System Network of vessels, nodes and organs Collects the fluid that is lost by the blood and returns it back to the circulatory system The fluid is known as lymph Lymph nodes are part of the lymphatic system, which carries lymph fluid, nutrients, and waste material between the body tissues and the bloodstream.

Over 3 liters of fluid can be leaked from the circulatory system into surrounding tissues daily The steady flow of lymph prevents edema (swelling)

Lymph Nodes The lymph nodes filter lymph fluid as it flows through them, trapping bacteria, viruses, and other foreign substances, which are then destroyed by special white blood cells called lymphocytes. Groups of lymph nodes can be felt in the neck, groin, and underarms. Many lymph nodes in the body cannot be felt.

When a part of the body is infected, the nearby lymph nodes become swollen as they collect and destroy the infecting organisms. For example, if a person has a throat infection, the lymph nodes in the neck may swell and become tender.

Lymphatic System Video

Lymph Nodes in the Lymphatic System Cervical Nodes Axillary Nodes Inguinal Nodes