Chapter 2 Islamic Civilization Lesson One: The Rise of Islam Part I Question # 2 What do you think the climate of the Arabian peninsula is like?

A. The Climate of Arabia Arabian Peninsula is mostly desert. Water only found at oases. Southwest get rain and supports plant life. To survive the harsh desert tribes had to be loyal to each other. Sheikh-head of the tribe.

B. Who were the Bedouins? Bedouins-Arab desert herders who traveled from oasis to oasis. Lived in tents, ate dried fruits and nuts-rarely ate meat.

C. Trade and Towns Many Arabs (not Bedouins) lived in villages and farmed. Traded with other villages and traveled in caravans for protections. Some settled along trade routes-Makkah became the largest and richest. Makkah (Mecca) became a religious site. Kaaba held idols for those trading.

II. Muhammad: Islam’s Prophet A. Muhammad’s Messge Born in Mecca in 570 A.D. Was visited by the angel Gabriel who told him to preach Islam. Told people to worship one God and to destroy their idols. All people created equally. Appealed to people.

B. Opposition to Islam Mostly poor converted. Wealthy did not want to lose their power. 1. Began to persecute followers. Left to Yathrib in 622. This became known as the Hijrah (breaking of relationships). This became the first year of the Muslim calendar. City was renamed Madinah (Medina) “The city of the prophet.”

C. Muhammad’s Government Created an Islamic state. Loyalty to Islam before tribes. Built an army Eventually took control of Mecca.

(Amneh+) Abdallah Abutalib Hamzeh Alabbas Abulahab Alhareth Abraham Ismail Adnan Quraiysh Qussaiy Abdmanaf Abdshams Hashem (Amneh+) Abdallah Abutalib Hamzeh Alabbas Abulahab Alhareth The pedigree of Mohammed's family tracing back to Abraham. Son of Abdallah and Amneh. Note uncle Abutalib, viewed as monotheist by many historian, and his son Ali, Mohammed's cousin and ‘body’. Paternal uncle, Abbas, the father of the Abbassids, while the Ummayah dynasty is 3 generations away Uncle Hamzeh, whom Muhammad dearly loved, killed in a battle with Mecca, 627 The grave of his great grandfather, Hashim, is in Gaza Adbelmuttalib Muhammad Ali Ummayah Dynasty Abbbassides Dynasty (661-750) (750-1258) 8