Political Control By: ally and yesun

The anti-movements Three anti-movement, 1951 Five anti-movement, 1952 Waste, corruption, inefficiency Party members & bureaucrats Five anti-movement, 1952 Industrial sabotage, tax evasion, bribery, fraud, theft of government property Businessmen: prison sentences, crippling fines, driven to suicide Destroy ‘the bureaucratic capitalist class’ ↓criminal gang control & corruption of nationalist China Through which the process of consolidating control was completed Reduction in— Criminal gang control in cities like Shanghai Endemic corruption of nationalist China 1952, justified tough line in a public statement— “Our present task is to strengthen the people’s state apparatus- meaning principally the people’s army, the people’s police and the people’s courts – thereby safeguarding national defence and protecting the people's interests. We definitely have no benevolent policies towards the reactionaries or the counter-revolutionary activities of the reactionary classes. Our benevolent policy does not apply to such deeds or such persons, who are outside the ranks of the people; it applies only to the people.”

Enforcing Conformity CCP turned China into a nation of “informers” People spied on each other Streets had “watchers” Community associations did the opposite of their job “Labelling” became way of enforcing conformity  maintained by exploiting fear System where everyone spied on each other  neighbours, workers and children spying on families and their friends/colleagues Watchers from the CCP on streets which kept CCP informed Community associations were supposed to provide mutual help: became major means of exerting violence Biggest fear of Chinese was being publicly exposed as political or social deviant OR labelled as a class enemy (ex. Bourgeois element/imperialist lackeys)

Terror tactics Terror: basic method of control 1949: ↑10 separate political parties 1952: — Series of mass campaigns: ↑authority over people Attack against ‘counter-revolutionaries & imperialists’ Condemn who showed signs of disapproval All the political parties were destroyed in a set of repressive moves which denied the right of any party to exist other than the CCP

The Attack on China’s Middle Class Mao’s aim = destruction of a whole Class “China’s Bourgeoisie” Mao’s saw that there was a necessity of violence 1955: Addressing Party Leaders “On this matter we are quite heartless. On this matter, Marxism is indeed cruel and has little mercy, for it is determined to exterminate...Some of our comrades are too kind, they are not tough enough...Our aim is to exterminate capitalism, obliterate it from the face of the earth and make it a thing of the past.” Mao wanted to destroy the class b/c found it an essential step in creation of China as a fully Marxist state  only 1 class would exist = PROLETARIAT Believed that without violence..no class would step down. Thought that power must be dragged down by force QUOTE: saw that their MAIN goal was to exterminate capitalism and replace it with a strong communist rule. No one should feel bad for the class being taken away and that this class will be taken away with cruelty and mercilessly.

Mass killings Early 1950s in Shanghai & Guangzhou (Canton) Underworld gangs and triads Violent bloodletting Guangzhou: 130,000 bandits&criminals  ↑⅟₂ executed Shanghai: 28,000 Cities which had been notorious for their underworld gangs and triads in the years of Nationalist rule

Registration as a political weapon Mao created system which required people to register themselves 3 types of registration: Danwei: for a job Hukou: to obtain accomodation Dangan: file held by party members about personal details of a person Danwei: person could not have a job if they did not have this permit Hukou: certificate which allowed family to accomodation Dangan: all records and personal details of a person that were in the hands of local party officials Hundreds and millions of records were kept by many party clerks.  was used as a way to cause fear, if family or person did something wrong would not get several permits + party members knew everything about them Dangans was worst  chief means by which authorities maintained political and social control over Chinese people Persons right, employment, housing, pension, etc  depended on dossier