Northern Renaissance

How did the Renaissance spread to Northern Europe? Getting the Word Out How did the Renaissance spread to Northern Europe? Increase in ?

Getting the word out ?: beautiful but oh so time consuming…   An illuminated manuscript: texttext is supplemented by the addition of decoration( initialstext is supplemented by the addition of decoration( initials, borders and miniature illustrations) Typically refers to manuscripts decorated with gold or silver, now used to refer to any decorated or illustrated manuscript from Western traditions. Comparable Far Eastern works are always described as painted The earliest surviving from the period AD 400 to 600, initially produced in ItalyThe earliest surviving from the period AD 400 to 600, initially produced in Italy and the Eastern Roman Empire. The significance: art history value, MonasticMonastic scribes of Late AntiquityMonastic scribes of Late Antiquity, the entire literature of GreeceMonastic scribes of Late Antiquity, the entire literature of Greece and RomeMonastic scribes of Late Antiquity, the entire literature of Greece and Rome would have perished in EuropeMonastic scribes of Late Antiquity, the entire literature of Greece and Rome would have perished in Europe; as it was, the patterns of textual survivals were shaped by their usefulness to the severely constricted literate group of Christians. The very existence of illuminated manuscripts as a way of giving stature and commemoration to ancient documents may have been largely responsible for their preservation in an era when barbarianMonastic scribes of Late Antiquity, the entire literature of Greece and Rome would have perished in Europe; as it was, the patterns of textual survivals were shaped by their usefulness to the severely constricted literate group of Christians. The very existence of illuminated manuscripts as a way of giving stature and commemoration to ancient documents may have been largely responsible for their preservation in an era when barbarian hordes had overrun continental EuropeMonastic scribes of Late Antiquity, the entire literature of Greece and Rome would have perished in Europe; as it was, the patterns of textual survivals were shaped by their usefulness to the severely constricted literate group of Christians. The very existence of illuminated manuscripts as a way of giving stature and commemoration to ancient documents may have been largely responsible for their preservation in an era when barbarian hordes had overrun continental Europe and ruling classes were no longer literate. The majority of surviving manuscripts are from the Middle AgesThe majority of surviving manuscripts are from the Middle Ages, although many illuminated manuscripts survive from the RenaissanceThe majority of surviving manuscripts are from the Middle Ages, although many illuminated manuscripts survive from the Renaissance, along with a very limited number from Late AntiquityThe majority of surviving manuscripts are from the Middle Ages, although many illuminated manuscripts survive from the Renaissance, along with a very limited number from Late Antiquity. The majority of these manuscripts are of a religious nature. However, especially from the 13th century onward, an increasing number of secular texts were illuminated. Most illuminated manuscripts were created as codicesThe majority of surviving manuscripts are from the Middle Ages, although many illuminated manuscripts survive from the Renaissance, along with a very limited number from Late Antiquity. The majority of these manuscripts are of a religious nature. However, especially from the 13th century onward, an increasing number of secular texts were illuminated. Most illuminated manuscripts were created as codices, which had superseded scrollsThe majority of surviving manuscripts are from the Middle Ages, although many illuminated manuscripts survive from the Renaissance, along with a very limited number from Late Antiquity. The majority of these manuscripts are of a religious nature. However, especially from the 13th century onward, an increasing number of secular texts were illuminated. Most illuminated manuscripts were created as codices, which had superseded scrolls. A very few illuminated manuscript fragments survive on papyrusThe majority of surviving manuscripts are from the Middle Ages, although many illuminated manuscripts survive from the Renaissance, along with a very limited number from Late Antiquity. The majority of these manuscripts are of a religious nature. However, especially from the 13th century onward, an increasing number of secular texts were illuminated. Most illuminated manuscripts were created as codices, which had superseded scrolls. A very few illuminated manuscript fragments survive on papyrus, which does not last nearly as long as vellumThe majority of surviving manuscripts are from the Middle Ages, although many illuminated manuscripts survive from the Renaissance, along with a very limited number from Late Antiquity. The majority of these manuscripts are of a religious nature. However, especially from the 13th century onward, an increasing number of secular texts were illuminated. Most illuminated manuscripts were created as codices, which had superseded scrolls. A very few illuminated manuscript fragments survive on papyrus, which does not last nearly as long as vellum or parchmentThe majority of surviving manuscripts are from the Middle Ages, although many illuminated manuscripts survive from the Renaissance, along with a very limited number from Late Antiquity. The majority of these manuscripts are of a religious nature. However, especially from the 13th century onward, an increasing number of secular texts were illuminated. Most illuminated manuscripts were created as codices, which had superseded scrolls. A very few illuminated manuscript fragments survive on papyrus, which does not last nearly as long as vellum or parchment. Most medieval manuscripts, illuminated or not, were written on parchment (most commonly of calfThe majority of surviving manuscripts are from the Middle Ages, although many illuminated manuscripts survive from the Renaissance, along with a very limited number from Late Antiquity. The majority of these manuscripts are of a religious nature. However, especially from the 13th century onward, an increasing number of secular texts were illuminated. Most illuminated manuscripts were created as codices, which had superseded scrolls. A very few illuminated manuscript fragments survive on papyrus, which does not last nearly as long as vellum or parchment. Most medieval manuscripts, illuminated or not, were written on parchment (most commonly of calf, sheep, or goat skin), but most manuscripts important enough to illuminate were written on the best quality of parchment, called vellum. 3

Getting the word out ? - from ? - invented a mechanical way of producing books that surpassed any existing technology - ?! 4

Getting the word out ? - The Bible is now available for anyone to read 6

Getting the word out Gutenberg’s Impact: Books become ? to produce… ? of books begins… More people have ?… More people can learn to read/write (?)… Dissemination of ?! (wide spread) 7

Northern Renaissance Literature

(Desiderius) Erasmus Dutch humanist and Christian ? (1511) Folly = foolishness Ridiculed ? and corruption in the Church

Sir Thomas More English humanist and Christian ? (1516) Utopia = ? Argued that governments are ? ?

William Shakespeare ? He wrote ? plays!

Northern Renaissance Art

Arnolfini Portrait by ? (1434)

The Ambassadors by ?(1533)

Comparison: Italian Renaissance Northern Renaissance Human figures based on ? art (ripped muscles) More ? Human figures are more “?” (frail, bald, imperfect) Both religious and ? subjects