The Cell Theory and Cell Structures
The Cell Theory The Cell Theory is a widely accepted explanation of the relationship between cells and living things. It refers to the idea that cells are the basic unit of structure in every living thing. The observations of five scientists led to the development of the cell theory Introductory Video click to play
Scientists of The Cell Theory Robert Hooke (1665) Studied cork cells and noticed that they looked like jail cells, thus giving them the name Cells. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Cork_Micrographia_Hooke.png#file
Scientists of The Cell Theory Anton van Leeuwenhoek (1680) First to witness living cells, bacteria and protozoa, under a single-lens microscope. Named the moving organisms he saw animalcules, “little animals”. http://farm4.static.flickr.com/3141/2762756941_ff35517502.jpg
Scientists of The Cell Theory Matthias Schleiden (1838) A German botanist who discovered that plant parts are made of cells. Brought the nucleus to popular attention and its importance in the function of a cell. Theodor Schwann (1839) A German zoologist who discovered that animal parts are made of cells. Rudolph Virchow (1855) A German physician who stated that all living cells come only from other living cells.
Cell Theory Timeline 1665 1680s 1838 1839 1855
The Cell Theory All living things are made of cells. The cell is the basic unit of structure and function in living things. All cells come from pre-existing cells. The cell theory holds true for all living things, no matter how big or small, how simple or complex.
Cell Structures In many ways cells are like factories that produce goods. Take in raw materials, use them to build products (proteins and energy), package the products and transport them to different parts of the cell. There are two types of cells that make up all living things: Prokaryotic Cells Eukaryotic Cells
Prokaryotic Cells NO nucleus No membrane bound organelles. Single celled organisms Bacteria Archaebacteria Kingdoms http://scienceblogs.com/
Eukaryotic Cells Has a nucleus!!!! Organelles are enclosed in their own membrane. Large and complex. Multicellular organisms Plants Animals Protists Fungi Kingdoms
Prokaryote vs. Eukaryote Cells No nucleus No membrane bound organelles Single Celled Organisms True nucleus Membrane bound organelles Multicellular Contains DNA Similar Metabolism
Prokaryote or Eukaryote Nucleus Nucleus Eukaryote Prokaryote Prokaryote Eukaryote
Cell Structures Nucleus Cell Membrane Chromosomes Mitochondria Organelle Function Nucleus Directs all of the cell’s activities, Control Center. Cell Membrane Selectively permeable membrane that allows substances to enter and leave the cell. Chromosomes Contain DNA and pass on genetic information to new cells (X). Mitochondria Powerhouse of the Cell – converts resources into energy. Chloroplasts Captures energy from sunlight to make food (Plants ONLY) Vacuole Stores food, water and waste. Cytoplasm Allows movement of materials around the cells and supports other cell structures. Cell Wall Surrounds the cell membrane and keeps plant cells rigid and upright. Organelles – tiny cell structures that carry out specific functions within the cell (“little organs”.
Plant Cell – (Square/boxed) Nuclear Membrane Mitochondria - “Power house” Nucleus - Control Center Cell Membrane - Selectively Permeable Chromosomes - Colored Bodies Cell Wall - Plants ONLY! Cytoplasm Chloroplasts - Plants ONLY! Vacuole - Storage
Animal Cells – (Round) Nucleus Mitochondria Vacuole Cell Membrane - Control Center Chromosomes - Colored Bodies Mitochondria - “Power house” Vacuole - Storage Nuclear Membrane Cell Membrane - Selectively Permeable Cytoplasm
Plant vs. Animal Cells Organelle Plant Cell Animal Cell Cell Shape Cell Membrane Cell Wall Mitochondria Nucleus Chromosome Chloroplasts Vacuole Square Round Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes