A “New” Country? Was the surrender at Appomattox the end of a conflict or the beginning?

Lincoln’s Plan Creation of a plan for re-entry created during war (1863) for those territories that came under control of the Union 10% Plan 10% of those who voted n 1860 – swear loyalty to the Union States allowed to set up State Governments Republican Permanent freedom for blacks (13th Amendment) Black education

Missing from Lincoln’s Plan Vote for blacks Restriction against Confederate officials

Wade-Davis Bill Passed Congress in July 1864 Majority of citizens of the state take the oath of loyalty Default on confederate debts No High Officials in the Confederate government could vote No Volunteers in Confederate Army could vote 1st Pocket Veto in the United States

Assassination John Wilkes Booth murders Abraham Lincoln on April 14, 1865 Andrew Johnson – a Union Democrat was Vice-President Free homesteads Public Education Social Equality Not anti-slavery Anti-wealthy Respected States’ Rights

Johnson’s Plan Amnesty Granted to all Southerners except those who owned property in excess of $20,000 Those excluded from general amnesty had to request it on an individual basis Required a loyalty oath By December 1865, all southern states met requirement to re-enter the union based on Johnson’s plan. Many elected officials had served in the Confederate Army or Government

Congress Reacts Senator Charles Sumner Radical Republican Demands to Ensure the End of Slavery: Civil and political equality Vote Education Property

Congress Reacts Thaddeus Stevens and Benjamin Wade Moderate Republicans reflected a more careful protection of newfound freedom: Protect political equality gained

South Reacts Black Codes Passed in all States: Blacks could not bear arms Blacks could only be employed in farming and domestic service If a black person leaves his job, s/he forfeits back pay “Misbehaviors” heavily fined Inability to pay results in being hired out for short periods

Congress on the Black Codes Attempts to extend the Freedmen’s Bureau Pres. Johnson vetoes bill Claim that it was a wartime bureau and it is unconstitutional to maintain a military organization in peace time (3rd amendment) Civil Rights Act of 1866 (teeth of the 13th amendment) No restrictions on blacks testifying on court Blacks are allowed to enter into contracts for their labor Blacks may own property 1st 2/3 override