Medieval Europe Changes in Society

Germanic kingdoms emerge NO SENTRAL RULE LOYALTY TO LOCAL LEADERS BOUND PEOPLE TOGETHER KINGDOMS CONTINUES TO FIGHT WITH EACH OTHER FORLAND AND POWER CHURCH OFFERED SOME SENSE OF ORDER FRANKS ESTABLISHED LARGE KINGDOMS (TERRITORY RULED BY ONE KING) IN GAUL (FRANCE)

Check point questions 1. What new kind of government emerged in the world? 2. Where were most of them located?

Answers 1. KINGDOMS 2. EUROPE OR GAUL

CHARLES MARTEL 719 Charles Martel became one of the major rulers in Gaul He colonized many territories In 732 he stopped expansion of the Islamic Empire by winning the battle of Tours He became a Christian hero. His son Pepin became a king and established Carolingian Dynasty His son Charlemagne became king of the whole Frankish kingdom in 771

CHECKPOINT QUESTIONS 1. WHO STOPPED THE EXPANSION OF THE ISLAMIC EMPIRE? 2. WHO BECAME THE KING OF THE WHOLE FRANKISH KINGDOM IN 771?

ANSWERS 1.CHARLES MARTEL 2. CHARLEMAGNE

Charlemagne becomes emperor CHARLEMAGNE CONQUERED MOST OF MODERN DAY ITALY, FRANCE, GERMANY AND PART OF SPAIN. LARGEST SINCE THE TIME OF ROME POPE CROWNED HIM EMPEROR THIS MARKED UNIFICATION OF CHURCH AND STATE (GERMANIC STATE) CHARLEMAGNE UNIFIED PEOPLE OFFERED THEM SYSTEM OF LAWS AND REVIVED EDUCATION ONCE HE DIED EMPIRE COLLAPSED

Checkpoint question WHAT WAS IMPORTANT ABOUT CHARLEMAGNE’S BEING CROWNED AS EMPEROR?

MARKED UNIFICATION OF POWERS OF CHURCH AND STATE ANSWER MARKED UNIFICATION OF POWERS OF CHURCH AND STATE

CHANGES IN SOCIETY TOWNS AND CITIES GROW MERCHANTS ESTABLISH ORGANIZATIONS CALLED GUILDS (GET BEST PRICES FOR WHAT THEY MAKE) BANKING DEVELOPS TRADE INCRESES DRAMATICALLY COMMERCIAL REVOLUTION

Magna Carta 1200s - England’s government made first step towards democracy when nobles forced king John to sign an agreement that protected the rights of nobility and limited what the king could do. The paper was called – Magna Carta (big paper) First representative meeting in Europe was created and was called a parliament.

Checkpoint question WHY WAS MAGNA CARTA AND FIRST PARLIAMENT IMPORTANT?

ANSWER FIRST STEPS IN DEMOCRACY IN EUROPE

THE HUNDRED YEARS’ WAR WHO: FRANCE AND ENGLAND WHAT: FOUGHT EACH OTHER FOR CONTROL OF FRANCE WHEN: 1337-1453 CLOSE TO “100” HUNDRED’S YEAR WAR NEW TECHNOLOGY USED: ARCHER WITH LONGBOW (COULD HIT EVEN WITH ARMOR ON), CROSSBOW AND CANNON OUTCOMES: By 1453, the French drove all the English from France except the seaport of Calais and the war ended. PEOPLE SUFFERED, YET BOTH NATIONS EXPERIENCED UNIFICATION AND NATIONAL PRIDE KING EMERGES NOT ONLY AS A LORD BUT ALSO AS A NATION’S LEADER

Technology

CHECKPOINT QUESTION: WHY WAS THE100 YEARS’ WAR FOUGHT?

ANSWER FOR CONTROL OF FRANCE

JOAN OF ARC FRENCH FEMALE HERO OF 100-YEARS WAR TEENAGE PEASANT GIRL DRESSED AS A MAN WAS ONE OF THE MILITARY LEADERS UNDER KING CHARLES VII LED THE ARMY TO A VICTORY LATER BETRAYED AND TURNED IN THE HANDS OF THE CHURCH PRIESTS BURNED HER AS A WITCH

CHECKPOINT QUESTION: WHO WAS JOAN OF ARC

FRENCH FEMALE HERO OF 100-YEARS WAR ANSWER FRENCH FEMALE HERO OF 100-YEARS WAR