Physical Change Chemical Change Changing the form of the substance. The substance is still the same thing, and it can easily be reversed. Changing what.

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Presentation transcript:

Physical Change Chemical Change Changing the form of the substance. The substance is still the same thing, and it can easily be reversed. Changing what the substance is, how the atoms are connected. Difficult to reverse. Ex: melting, boiling, bending, dissolving. Ex: burning, rusting, cooking, changing color, making a gas.

Properties Characteristics that allow you to distinguish one kind of substance from another. Physical Properties Chemical Properties Characteristics we can observe without altering the identity of the substance Characteristics we can only observe by changing the substance into something else (by a chemical change) Ex: Color, smell, taste, size, shape, density, solubility Ex: Flammability, reactivity

Try it: Chemical or Physical Change? Rubbing alcohol evaporates quickly from the skin. Frying an egg. Boiling Water. Burning gasoline. Breaking Glass. Salt dissolving in water. Copper reacts with Sulfur to form Copper Sulfide. Kicking a dent in Mr. Yusten’s car door. Watching Mr. Yusten’s car door rust.

Definitions Matter Anything that has mass and takes up space. AKA stuff. NOT ENERGY! How much “stuff” is there. (Not how much it weighs, but related) Mass Volume The space something takes up. Density How much mass there is per volume. AKA the amount of stuff in a given space.

Density A physical property of a substance. It is always the same for the substance, no matter what form it is in… We can use it to identify something! Example: What is the density of a block of wood that has a mass of 72 grams and a volume of 134 mL? (remember sig figs!)

Measuring Volume Solid: If it is uniform (has straight sides): L x W x H If it is not uniform: Water Displacement in a graduated cylinder. Liquid: graduated cylinder. Gas: collect in a closed container. Note: cm x cm x cm = cm3 = mL

Material Density (g/ml or g/cm3) Hydrogen 0.00009 Air 0.001293 Gasoline 0.70 Ice 0.92 Water 1.00 Milk 1.03 Aluminum 2.70 Iron 7.80 Lead 11.30 Mercury 13.60 Osmium 22.50

Percent Error No measurement is perfect! Instrument accuracy, precision, even you! Never blame “human error.” Always state exactly where you might have had an error!