Who cares? Classification Why classify? To study the diversity of life in a logical manner. 1.5 million species have been identified 2-100 million have yet to be discovered Taxonomy: discipline of classifying organisms and assigning each organism a universally accepted name Who cares?
19,232 new species were identified in 2011, that’s about 2 new species discovered every hour http://species.asu.edu/files/SOS2010.pdf
Yeti crab 2006
Skelton shrimp 2014
Andrill Anemone 2014
Lyre sponge 2013
World’s smallest vertebrate Paedophryne amanuensis 2013
Bonaire Banded Box Jelly 2012
Pancake bat fish 2010
Bombardier Worm 2010
Psychedelic Frogfish 2010
Dracula Fish 2010
Why Classify Organisms? To study the diversity of life in a logical manner Many organisms have different common names Giant sea star Knobby sea star Giant spiny sea star
White tip White tip reef shark Oceanic white tip
Let’s talk about dolphins Marine mammal Top predator Rubber like skin Sharp teeth Black and white
When I said described it…. You may have been thinking of this organisms….
Orca-which is actually a dolphin not a whale….
I was actually talking about this
Dolphin—common dolphin
Dolphin—bottlenose dolphin
Most scientific names are in Greek or Latin Scientists classify so everyone knows exactly what we are talking about…Many organisms have different common names Most scientific names are in Greek or Latin Carolus Linnaeus developed a system called: Binomial Nomenclature: Two part scientific name Always in italics 1st Word Is Always Capitalized (genus) 2nd word is always lower case (species) Mola mola
Binomial Nomenclature (2 part naming system) Capital Italics Noun Homo (man) Homo sapien, H. sapien Callinectes (swimmer) Callinectes sapidus C. sapidus Lower case Italics Adjective Sapiens (wise, knowing, thinker) Sapien---can never be written like this sapidus (beautiful) Genus species
How to write the scientific name in a paper, presentation, etc. Same rules Italics first name (genus) is upper case second name (species) is lower case When referring to an organisms for the first time use the entire scientific name Mola mola Second time you refer to it, you may abbreviate the GENUIS only M. mola
Classification Used today Evolutionary development DNA relationships This is why classification is constantly changing, Based on physical aspects Anything that can swim is grouped together Humans Dolphins Fish squid Artificial system Natural system
Man o’War Killer whale human largest Domain Eukarya Kingdom Animalia Phylum Cnideria Chordata Class Hydrozoa Mammalia Order Siponophora Cetacea Primates Family Physaliidae Delohinidae Hominidae Genus Physalia Orcinus Homo smallest species physalis orca sapien
3 domains: Eukarya, Bacteria , Archae 6 Kingdoms Archaebacteria—extremophiles-bacteria at hydrothermal vents Eubacteria-Bacteria Protista-algae and seaweeds Fungi-fungus Plantae-sea grasses Animalia-whales, dolphins, squid
DNA not in a nucleus DNA contained in a nucleus Prokaryote Eukaryote
Kingdom Characteristics Cell type Body plan Feeding Examples Eubacteia Prokaryote Unicellular Heterotroph Autotroph Bacteria Archaebacteria unicellular Halophites methanogens Protista Eukaryote Most are unicellular Diatoms, ciliates Fungi Most are multicellular heterotroph Mold, mushroom Plantae plants Animalia All animals
3 domains Domains Domain eukarya Prokaryotes Eukaryotes Bacteria Kingdom Eubacteria Archae Kingdom Archaebacteria Earliest cells Domain eukarya Kingdoms Fungi Animalia Plantae Protista Prokaryotes Eukaryotes
Posterior side Dorsal fin Anterior side Dorsal side Dorsal side Adipose fin Lateral line Pectoral fin Caudal fin Anal fin Pelvic fin Ventral side Ventral side