Asexual Reproduction

Asexual Reproduction: Only one parent is required to produce offspring Asexual Reproduction: Only one parent is required to produce offspring. Offspring look identical to the parent and to each other. Clone: An identical genetic copy of its parents

5 types of Asexual Reproduction:

1) Spore formation: Some organisms reproduce using spores. 

Moulds reproduce by formation of spores that are genetically identical to the mould cell Spores are released into the air from a structure call a sporangium

Spores are light weight, and rely on water or wind to carry the spores away from the parent. Many types of spore have a tough outer coating that allows them to survive harsh conditions.

1)Binary Fission: a single parent cell replicates its genetic material and divides into two equal parts. If the single cell contains a nucleus the cell undergoes mitosis

Bacteria have no nucleus, so they do not undergo mitosis. Some bacteria only have a single ring of DNA, and can duplicate very rapidly. Bacteria tend to mutate rapidly, and can become very resistant to antibiotics, creating SUPER BUGS

2) Budding: Yeasts reproduce by budding. Yeasts are unicellular, eukaryotic organisms. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iOvrq6ssy2Y

Areas of an individual organism may undergo repeated mitosis and cell division, which will grow a bud that pinches off to become a separate identical cell Example of a hydra budding

The bud may detach from the parent and become a new individual or remain attached. This way colonies can stay in the same place, or move to a new location

3)Fragmentation: some organisms break apart as a result of injury 3)Fragmentation: some organisms break apart as a result of injury. The fragment then develops into a clone of its parent.  

Animals can do this as long as they contain enough of the parent genetic information. Reproduction after fragmentation does not happen without regeneration. Regeneration: the ability to regrow a body part, a tissue, or an organ.

5) Vegetative reproduction: Plants can reproduce sexually and asexually. Asexual reproduction: vegetative reproduction New plants grow from a portion of the roots, stems or leaves of an existing plant that will eventually develop into a plant identical to the parent.

Cutting Method:

Splitting Method: A plant is split into two or more pieces, each containing intact shoots and roots